NIFE AERO Exam Questions and Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
airfoil - ✔✔A streamlined shape designed to produce lift as it moves through the air
angle of attack (AOA α) - ✔✔the angle formed between the relative wind and the chord line of the
airfoil
angle of incidence - ✔✔the angle between the airplane's longitudinal axis and the chordline of its wing.
The root chord is commonly chosen to measure this
average chord (c) - ✔✔the geometric average of every chord from the wing root to the wingtip. Also
called mean geometric chord.
Bernoulli's Equation - ✔✔Pₜ = Pₛ + q
In aerodynamics, a law or theorem stating that in a flow of incompressible fluid, the sum of the static
pressure and the dynamic pressure along a streamline is constant if gravity and frictional effects are
disregarded.
boundary layer - ✔✔the layer of airflow over the surface of an airfoil, which shows local airflow
retardation caused by viscosity. The boundary layer is very thin at the leading edge of an airfoil (about
1mm) and grows in thickness as it moves over a body. It is composed of laminar flow and turbulent flow.
calibrated airspeed (CAS) - ✔✔Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument error
camber - ✔✔the curvature of the mean line of airfoil fro leading edfe to trailing edge; the amount of this
curvature.
center of gravity (CG) - ✔✔the point at which the weight of an object is considered to be concentrated
chord - ✔✔a measure of the chord line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of an airfoil. The chord
may vary in length from the wingtip to wing root. The root chord 𝒸R, is the chord at the wing centerline
and the tip chord, 𝒸T, is measured at the wingtip.
,Coefficient of drag (Cd) - ✔✔the dimensionless portion of the total lift on an airfoil that is dependent on
the same variables that affect Cf
coefficient of lift (CL) - ✔✔the dimensionless portion of the total lift on an airfoil that is dependent on
the same variables that affect Cf
continuity equation - ✔✔ρ1A1V1=ρ2A2V2. Principle of physics that states that for fluids, the mass flow
rate has the same value at every position along a closed tube.
critical attitude - ✔✔the maximum altitude at which, in the standard atmosphere, an engine produces
its sea level rated horsepower or torque.
downwash - ✔✔chordwise airflow from the upper surface of airfoil passing downward behind the
trailing edge to the lower surface. Downwash decreases the amount of lift produced by the wing. Any
downward moving airflow.
equivalent airspeed (EAS) - ✔✔the true airspeed at sea level on standard day that produces the same
dynamic pressure as the actual aircraft condition. It is equal to calibrated airspeed corrected for
compressibility of air.
General Gas Law - ✔✔P=ρRT. Law of physics that shows the relationship between properties of air:
pressure (P), density (ρ), and temperature (T). R is a constant for any given mixture of gases (such as dry
air).
ground effect - ✔✔the dramatic reduction of induced drag and thrust required that occurs within one
wingspan of the ground or other surface.
Indicated airspeed (IAS) - ✔✔The instrument indication for the amount of dynamic pressure that the
aircraft is creating during some given flight condition. Indicated airspeed is displayed in knots,
abbreviated KIAS.
induced drag (Di) - ✔✔That portion of total drag resulting from production of lift.
, laminar flow - ✔✔the portion of the boundary layer airflow that is smooth and unbroken and travels
along well defined streamlines
parasite drag (Dp) - ✔✔All drag not associated with the production of lift.
positive camber airfoil - ✔✔An airfoil in which the mean camber line is above the chordline.
potential energy (PE) - ✔✔the ability of a body to do work because of its position or physical state
power (P) - ✔✔the rate of doing work, or work per unit time, measured in ft-lbs/sec or horsepower
power control lever (PCL) - ✔✔control on a propeller driven airplane or helicopter, that adjusts the fuel
flow and therefore the power output of the engine(s). Similar to the throttle on a jet aircraft.
power required (Pr) - ✔✔The power required to produce enough thrust to overcome drag in level
equilibrium flight.
pressure altimeter - ✔✔anaeroid barometer calibrated to indicated altitude in feet instead of pressure.
pressure altitude (PA) - ✔✔height above the standard datum plane, ie, altitude measured from standard
sea level pressure by a barometric altimeter
pressure gradient - ✔✔a change in the pressure of a fluid per unit of distance
propeller wash - ✔✔the disturbed air produced by the passage of the propeller, usually making a
corkscrew path around the airplane
range - ✔✔the distance that an aircraft can travel without refueling
airfoil - ✔✔A streamlined shape designed to produce lift as it moves through the air
angle of attack (AOA α) - ✔✔the angle formed between the relative wind and the chord line of the
airfoil
angle of incidence - ✔✔the angle between the airplane's longitudinal axis and the chordline of its wing.
The root chord is commonly chosen to measure this
average chord (c) - ✔✔the geometric average of every chord from the wing root to the wingtip. Also
called mean geometric chord.
Bernoulli's Equation - ✔✔Pₜ = Pₛ + q
In aerodynamics, a law or theorem stating that in a flow of incompressible fluid, the sum of the static
pressure and the dynamic pressure along a streamline is constant if gravity and frictional effects are
disregarded.
boundary layer - ✔✔the layer of airflow over the surface of an airfoil, which shows local airflow
retardation caused by viscosity. The boundary layer is very thin at the leading edge of an airfoil (about
1mm) and grows in thickness as it moves over a body. It is composed of laminar flow and turbulent flow.
calibrated airspeed (CAS) - ✔✔Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument error
camber - ✔✔the curvature of the mean line of airfoil fro leading edfe to trailing edge; the amount of this
curvature.
center of gravity (CG) - ✔✔the point at which the weight of an object is considered to be concentrated
chord - ✔✔a measure of the chord line from the leading edge to the trailing edge of an airfoil. The chord
may vary in length from the wingtip to wing root. The root chord 𝒸R, is the chord at the wing centerline
and the tip chord, 𝒸T, is measured at the wingtip.
,Coefficient of drag (Cd) - ✔✔the dimensionless portion of the total lift on an airfoil that is dependent on
the same variables that affect Cf
coefficient of lift (CL) - ✔✔the dimensionless portion of the total lift on an airfoil that is dependent on
the same variables that affect Cf
continuity equation - ✔✔ρ1A1V1=ρ2A2V2. Principle of physics that states that for fluids, the mass flow
rate has the same value at every position along a closed tube.
critical attitude - ✔✔the maximum altitude at which, in the standard atmosphere, an engine produces
its sea level rated horsepower or torque.
downwash - ✔✔chordwise airflow from the upper surface of airfoil passing downward behind the
trailing edge to the lower surface. Downwash decreases the amount of lift produced by the wing. Any
downward moving airflow.
equivalent airspeed (EAS) - ✔✔the true airspeed at sea level on standard day that produces the same
dynamic pressure as the actual aircraft condition. It is equal to calibrated airspeed corrected for
compressibility of air.
General Gas Law - ✔✔P=ρRT. Law of physics that shows the relationship between properties of air:
pressure (P), density (ρ), and temperature (T). R is a constant for any given mixture of gases (such as dry
air).
ground effect - ✔✔the dramatic reduction of induced drag and thrust required that occurs within one
wingspan of the ground or other surface.
Indicated airspeed (IAS) - ✔✔The instrument indication for the amount of dynamic pressure that the
aircraft is creating during some given flight condition. Indicated airspeed is displayed in knots,
abbreviated KIAS.
induced drag (Di) - ✔✔That portion of total drag resulting from production of lift.
, laminar flow - ✔✔the portion of the boundary layer airflow that is smooth and unbroken and travels
along well defined streamlines
parasite drag (Dp) - ✔✔All drag not associated with the production of lift.
positive camber airfoil - ✔✔An airfoil in which the mean camber line is above the chordline.
potential energy (PE) - ✔✔the ability of a body to do work because of its position or physical state
power (P) - ✔✔the rate of doing work, or work per unit time, measured in ft-lbs/sec or horsepower
power control lever (PCL) - ✔✔control on a propeller driven airplane or helicopter, that adjusts the fuel
flow and therefore the power output of the engine(s). Similar to the throttle on a jet aircraft.
power required (Pr) - ✔✔The power required to produce enough thrust to overcome drag in level
equilibrium flight.
pressure altimeter - ✔✔anaeroid barometer calibrated to indicated altitude in feet instead of pressure.
pressure altitude (PA) - ✔✔height above the standard datum plane, ie, altitude measured from standard
sea level pressure by a barometric altimeter
pressure gradient - ✔✔a change in the pressure of a fluid per unit of distance
propeller wash - ✔✔the disturbed air produced by the passage of the propeller, usually making a
corkscrew path around the airplane
range - ✔✔the distance that an aircraft can travel without refueling
