HMI 103 EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
atelectasis - ANSWER-a condition in which there is a collapse (partial or full) of the lung or lobe.
pneumonia - ANSWER-inflammation of the lungs that may result in the accumulation of fluid.
creates increases radiodensities
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - ANSWER-an umbrella term for a number of
progressive lung diseases whereby an obstruction of some part of the airways leads to 'air
trapping' (asthma, emphysema)
pleural effusion - ANSWER-a condition where there is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural
space (>15ml of fluid can be considered pleural effusion)
pneumothorax - ANSWER-collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest
wall - a collapsed lung
exposure factors for PA chest - ANSWER-- SID 180 - 200cm
- 100-110 kVp
- 4-8 mAs
- CR to midsaggital plane and T7
exposure factors for lateral chest - ANSWER-- SID 180 - 200cm
- 100-110 kVp
- 8-12 mAs
- CR to mid coronal plane and T8, 5cm anterior to the midaxillary line
, why a PA chest? - ANSWER-- reduces cardiac magnification as the heart is closer to the IR
cardiothoracic ratio - ANSWER-- ideally <0.5
- when CTR is > 0.5 = cardiomegaly
decubitus - ANSWER-- lying down
- R lateral decubitus = lying on the right side
lordotic position - ANSWER-- when the patient is leaning back
- can be used to have an ope view of the ribs if done AP and 20º cephalic CR tilt.
required anatomy for PA chest - ANSWER-- inferiorly: left and right costophrenic angles
- superiorly: superior border of 1st rib and lug apices
- laterally: lateral border of the ribs/soft tissue margins
sigs of underexposure for PA chest - ANSWER-- greater prominence of pulmonary vessels and
lung markings
- no lung bases
rotation in PA chest - ANSWER-- non-equidistant SCJ's
- trachea is not directly superimposed over vertebrae
tilt on PA chest - ANSWER-- more than 2.5cm of lung field above clavicles (forward)
- manubrium projected below T4 (forward)
- more than 2 ribs above the clavicles (forward)
- opposite for tilted backward
degree of inspiration for chest - ANSWER-- inspiration: 10 posterior ribs visible above the
diaphragm
CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
atelectasis - ANSWER-a condition in which there is a collapse (partial or full) of the lung or lobe.
pneumonia - ANSWER-inflammation of the lungs that may result in the accumulation of fluid.
creates increases radiodensities
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - ANSWER-an umbrella term for a number of
progressive lung diseases whereby an obstruction of some part of the airways leads to 'air
trapping' (asthma, emphysema)
pleural effusion - ANSWER-a condition where there is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural
space (>15ml of fluid can be considered pleural effusion)
pneumothorax - ANSWER-collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest
wall - a collapsed lung
exposure factors for PA chest - ANSWER-- SID 180 - 200cm
- 100-110 kVp
- 4-8 mAs
- CR to midsaggital plane and T7
exposure factors for lateral chest - ANSWER-- SID 180 - 200cm
- 100-110 kVp
- 8-12 mAs
- CR to mid coronal plane and T8, 5cm anterior to the midaxillary line
, why a PA chest? - ANSWER-- reduces cardiac magnification as the heart is closer to the IR
cardiothoracic ratio - ANSWER-- ideally <0.5
- when CTR is > 0.5 = cardiomegaly
decubitus - ANSWER-- lying down
- R lateral decubitus = lying on the right side
lordotic position - ANSWER-- when the patient is leaning back
- can be used to have an ope view of the ribs if done AP and 20º cephalic CR tilt.
required anatomy for PA chest - ANSWER-- inferiorly: left and right costophrenic angles
- superiorly: superior border of 1st rib and lug apices
- laterally: lateral border of the ribs/soft tissue margins
sigs of underexposure for PA chest - ANSWER-- greater prominence of pulmonary vessels and
lung markings
- no lung bases
rotation in PA chest - ANSWER-- non-equidistant SCJ's
- trachea is not directly superimposed over vertebrae
tilt on PA chest - ANSWER-- more than 2.5cm of lung field above clavicles (forward)
- manubrium projected below T4 (forward)
- more than 2 ribs above the clavicles (forward)
- opposite for tilted backward
degree of inspiration for chest - ANSWER-- inspiration: 10 posterior ribs visible above the
diaphragm
