PSYC 140 MODULE 7 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

PSYC 140 MODULE 7 EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Module question: Give an overview of the types of physical changes that occur in early adulthood. Why is this type of development considered multidirectional? - Answers The list given in this module shows an overview of certain types of physical decline: -Maximum heart rate may gradually decrease -Respiratory capacity gradually decreases (becomes noticeable after age 25 under heavy exercise conditions) -Lens of the eye stiffens, thickens -Sensitivity to sound at high frequencies decreases -Fast-twitch muscles decline in size and amount Multidirectional indicates that there are both declines and improvements in the same person during this time period. Module question: What did this Module say about differences in sexual behavior between married and unmarried couples? - Answers Married couples report having more sex than unmarried individuals. Module question: How would you summarize the information on the likelihood of couples divorcing? Were you surprised by any of the information regarding divorce statistics? Why or why not? - Answers Your answer should include the following: a discussion of how the "50%" figure is not a literal number but is rather a projection of the likelihood of couples to divorce at the present time. This rate might be much higher or much lower for any particular couple. If you reverse the trends discussed in this module, you can see that the odds for a particular couple to get a divorce are higher if: money is tight, if the couple have a child before marrying, if at least one partner was a child of a divorce, if neither partner is religious, and if one partner never attended college. Module question: How would you summarize postformal thought? How does postformal thought differ from Piaget's formal operations? - Answers Although different theories describe this stage (and although there is controversy over whether adults actually reach this stage!), it generally consists of being able to reflect and make more complex judgments, and seeing multiple perspectives and points of view. Although people in formal operations demonstrate abstract thinking, postformal thought shows more flexibility and humility as people see multiple perspectives. Module question: Can you see examples of postformal thinking in your own life or in the lives of others you know? How would you classify that example using Perry's stages? - Answers [Note]Answers will vary, but should identify one of Perry's 3 stages (dualistic, multiple thinking, commitment within relativism). An example of postformal thinking in my life might be how I approach political debates. In my younger years, I may have thought in more dualistic terms—believing my viewpoint was "right" and the opposing side was "wrong." Over time, I've come to recognize that many issues have multiple valid perspectives and that understanding different viewpoints requires considering the complexities and nuances behind them. For instance, when discussing healthcare policy, I can see valid concerns on both sides of the debate, such as the need for universal healthcare and the challenges of its funding. This shift from black-and-white thinking to appreciating multiple perspectives aligns with Perry's multiple thinking stage. Additionally, after reflecting on the different viewpoints, I've made an informed decision about what I believe should be prioritized in policy, which aligns with commitment within relativism, recognizing the validity of other perspectives but making a commitment to my own beliefs based on the information and arguments I find most compelling. Module question: Describe Sternberg's three components of love. - Answers Intimacy: emotional connectedness, involves warm communication. Passion: biological closeness, sexual and romantic feelings. Commitment: cognitive component, a decision to stay together. Module question: Choose three of the 7 types of love discussed in this module and create a profile of a fictional couple that exemplifies these types of love. - Answers Lena and Jake's relationship evolves through three types of love as described by Sternberg. Initially, they experience infatuation, marked by intense passion and physical attraction with little emotional connection or commitment. Over time, their relationship deepens into companionate love, where their emotional bond grows, and they commit to each other's well-being, though the initial passion fades. Years later, their love matures into consummate love, where they combine intimacy, passion, and commitment, resulting in a deep, lasting connection. Their journey reflects how love can evolve from excitement and physical attraction to a stable, fulfilling partnership, with each stage building upon the previous one. Module question: Identify common symptoms of menopause. - Answers Mood fluctuations, hot flashes, shrinking of reproductive organs, difficulties becoming sexually aroused, decreased skin elasticity, loss of bone mass, raised blood pressure. Module question: Why don't all women experience symptoms of menopause? - Answers A woman's experience of menopause depends on a variety of factors, including race and culture. Module question: What are the pros and cons of hormone therapy? - Answers Pros: Most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, protect against osteoporosis. Cons: Increased risk of certain cancers—breast, uterine, heart attack, stroke in some women. Module question: What cognitive improvements can be observed in middle age, according to the Seattle Longitudinal Study? - Answers Verbal abilities/increased vocabulary, spatial reasoning, simple math/problem solving, abstract reasoning. Module question: Given what you learned in this module, how would you respond to the claim, "everyone goes through a mid-life crisis"? - Answers Suggested response: It is actually untrue that all middle aged adults experience a mid-life crisis. On the contrary, very few adults do, and those who do tend to be men who feel that they were prevented in some way from achieving some major life goal. It is a far more typical experience for a middle aged adult to experience a time of transition as they take stock of where they are in life, where they've been, and where they'd like to be. Module question: Reflection questions: What are your thoughts about whether most emerging adults are successfully launched? Also, do you know of any adult who epitomizes the "sandwich generation"? If so, what roles and responsibilities does this individual have? Does he/she show signs of caregiver strain? - Answers Most emerging adults today experience a more gradual process of "launching," where they may come and go from the family home multiple times rather than leaving all at once. This extended transition is influenced by societal changes like longer education and financial pressures, which create emotional and financial strain for middle-aged parents who continue to support their adult children. While this fluid launching process can delay full independence, it also allows emerging adults more time to develop on their own terms. Regarding the "sandwich generation," I know adults who care for both aging parents and adult children, often experiencing caregiver strain from the emotional and physical demands of managing both roles. One example is a friend who supports her elderly mother and provides financial and emotional help to her adult children, resulting in stress and occasional burnout, though she benefits from a caregiver support group. The "sandwich generation" role is challenging, balancing the needs of both younger and older generations while also maintaining personal well-being. Which of Sternberg's types of love includes only passion? A. fatuous love B. infatuation C. romantic love D. consummate love - Answers B. infatuation For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes the relationship: Alex and Quinn just met and immediately felt a close emotional connection with one another. They love getting together to talk and have communicated their feelings of closeness with one another A. consummate love B. fatuous love C. liking D. romantic E. companionate - Answers C. liking For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes the relationship: Milly and Harry are crazy about each other. although they have only known each other for 6 weeks, they've decided to drive to Las Vegas and get married. throughout the brief ceremony, they cant keep their hands off each other A. consummate love B. fatuous love C. liking D. romantic E. companionate - Answers B. fatuous love T/F: According to the National Survey of sexual health and behavior, 50% of male 17 year olds report being sexually active - Answers False For the following couples, identify which of the following types of love best describes the relationship: Bill and Mary have been married for 30 years and are comfortable with each other. they rarely go on romantic outings and rarely have sex. However, they enjoy simply spending time together A. consummate love B. fatuous love C. liking D. romantic E. companionate - Answers E. companionate T/F: Hot flashes during the climacteric period are inevitable for all women - Answers False Hormone replacement therapy to treat menopausal symptoms involves receiving daily doses of estrogen and _____ - Answers progesterone T/F: For most people, particularly if physical fitness is not maintained, a number of physical declines begin as early adulthood - Answers True Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Describe William Perry's three stages of postformal thought. Be specific. - Answers [TEACHERS NOTE] Moves from dualistic thinking—black and white, to Multiple Thinking—different viewpoints, but hard to reconcile, to Commitment within Relativism—multiple viewpoints, but can commit to one's own. Perry conducted a research on college students and states that they move from dualistic thinking to multiple thinking to commitment within relativism. Dualistic thinking is more of what is right vs. wrong/ black and white argument. Multiple thinking is growing to have an understanding that there are different viewpoints to consider but it's hard to reconcile the various perspectives. Commitment within relativism is saying that there are multiple viewpoints but that person can reflect and decide on what they believe and weigh on within those multiple viewpoints they've obtained. Moves from dualistic thinking—black and white, to Multiple Thinking—different viewpoints, but hard to reconcile, to Commitment within Relativism—multiple viewpoints, but can commit to one's own Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. What are two recommendations from experts for reducing the risk of problems from hormone replacement therapy? - Answers [TEACHERS NOTE] 4 points for two recommendations: Trial and error for best product and delivery method, take lowest effective dose, follow-up care, healthy lifestyle. To reduce the risk of problems from hormone replacement therapy, one should find the best product and delivery method for them. That can either be in a pill, cream, patch, or gel form. If you have complications in a certain area, you would want to use the best method for that specific area for a better outcome. Make sure to have follow up care and see your doctor regularly. It also helps to make sure the benefits of the hormone therapy is still a good option, or if it is needed to decrease the amount of medication that is taken. For everything in life, it is always best to make healthy lifestyle choices. Testing out for the best products and method of delivery, take the lowest effective dose, and a healthy life style Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Describe a family exemplifying the "Sandwich generation." - Answers [TEACHERS NOTE] Answers need to depict someone caring for elderly parents as well as children. A sandwich generation is when a middle-aged adult has to take care of their parents and children. They feel the need or maybe the responsibility falls on them that they must take care of their older family while still taking care of their own. Middle aged adults literally in between caring for children and elderly parents. Carrying responsibilities for both of the other age groups. Answer the following essay question. Essays should be written clear, full sentences. You have a friend who is very pessimistic about the state of marriage in society. He supports his view by saying that "50% of marriages end in divorce." Based on your understanding of how to correctly interpret statistics predicting the likelihood of divorce, how could you update his interpretation? In your answer to your friend, be sure a) to correctly interpret the "50%" figure and explain in detail multiple factors affect the likelihood of divorce.Then, describe in detail your own response to the information that you learned about the divorce rate. Did this information surprise you? Why or why not? - Answers [TEACHERS NOTE] (4 pts) for correct interpretation of the statistics: - it is a projection that does not necessarily reflect actual behavior, - based on a projection from the 1970s, -divorce rates have decreased since then, other factors affect the rate. (3 pts) for factors: annual income over 50k, waiting to have a baby, not having divorced parents, being religious, education. (3 pts) for well-supported and detailed response. I would explain to my friend that the statement "50% of all marriages end in divorce" is misleading and stems from a 1970s prediction, which has since been misinterpreted. In reality, divorce rates have been steadily declining. This is due to factors like people focusing on their careers and education before marriage, delaying marriage until later in life, and choosing not to marry at all. Additionally, growing up in a stable, two-parent household can lower the chances of divorce, as can factors such as having children 7 months after marriage, being religious, and obtaining a college education. These trends reflect a shift toward more mature, informed marriages. While these factors can help reduce the risk of divorce, they are not guarantees. Social media and technology have also contributed to divorces by increasing opportunities for deceit, and communication remains a crucial factor in marriage. This information does not surprise me. My parents have been together for almost 35 years and have all of the above incorporated into their marriage. They make well above $50k, both have college degrees, practice religion and didn't have children until they had been married for two years. True or false? The overall divorce rate today is higher than it was in the United States in the 1970s. - Answers False True or false? One's level of education has nothing to do with one's likelihood of divorce? - Answers False True or false? Growing up in a household in which one's parents divorced has little to do with one's likelihood of also divorcing. - Answers False True or false? Some cultures have no record of individuals in that culture experiencing a mid-life crisis. - Answers True _____________ is a term that refers to a child coming of age and leaving the family home. - Answers Launching ____________ adulthood is a term for the in-between period during which individuals leave adolescence but are not fully adults - Answers emerging The ________ is the term for the midlife transition during which fertility declines A. anticlimactic B. climactic C. menopause D. senescene - Answers B. climacteric Compared to prior generations, people in Generation Z are ____________ to be sexually active in early adulthood. A. more likely B. less likely C. about as likely - Answers B. less likely Which of the following age ranges most accurately reflects when one's physical peak is? - Answers 20-35 True or false? Experts recommend that women who started menopause after age 45 and who aren't bothered by menopausal symptoms should not begin hormone replacement therapy. - Answers True Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Much variety exists in women's menopausal symptoms. Describe two of the cross-cultural cross-racial differences in menopausal symptoms that you learned about during this module. Be specific. - Answers [TEACHERS NOTE] 4 points for describing 2 differences: different definitions for and meaning behind menopause—more positive in Japanese, different symptoms noticed among different races (Caucasian: Muscle aches, irritability, insomnia; AfricanAmerican: hot flashes, night sweats, more positive; Chinese/Japanese: fewer night sweats and hot flashes, less positive; Japanese/Nigerian: frozen shoulders; rural Mayan and other indigenous cultures: more positive, as women assume role of spiritual leader; timing differs (earliest for Latin American and African American, then Caucasian, then Asian-American Menopause, typically occurring between ages 45-55 or after 12 months without a period, marks the end of menstruation. The transition from premenopausal to postmenopausal can take up to 10 years, with the perimenopausal phase leading up to it. Menopausal symptoms vary greatly among women, influenced by factors like race and ethnicity. Black, Native American, and Latina women tend to experience earlier menopause and more severe symptoms, including more hot flashes and night sweats, which last longer than in white women. Black women often have heavier periods, while Latina women report more intense hot flashes and sleep issues. White women commonly experience muscle aches and insomnia, and Chinese and Japanese women generally have fewer night sweats compared to Latina women. Menopause tends to occur earlier in Latina and Black women than in white and Asian women. One of the cross-cultural-racial differences in menopausal symptoms that I learned about was that Chinese and Japanese women experience fewer night sweats and hot flashes compared to women of other cultures, while Caucasian women report more muscle aches and sleep difficulties. Choose one of Sternberg's types of love (for example, Infatuation) and describe a couple that exemplifies this type of love. Be sure to name the type of love that you are depicting and be very specific in explaining how the couple displays the various components. - Answers Gina and Joe are in a new relationship and can't seem to stay away from each other. They spend lots of time together and tend to engage in sexual activity frequently. When they are not with each other, they talk about the other individual constantly. This type of love would be infatuation. Answer the following essay question. Essays should be written clear, full sentences. In this module, you read an article by Jean Twenge on Generation Z (or iGen). Summarize in detail what the article said regarding smartphone use in this generation and increasing rates of depression and suicide. Then, discuss in detail your reaction to this information. Supplement your response with information on the extent to which the information on the relationship between smartphone use and depressed mood match what you have observed. Finally, indicate recommendations for helping these issues, based on what the article said. Do you agree that these will work? - Answers [TEACHERS NOTE] [3 points for summary of the information, which indicates that all screen activities are linked to less happiness while other types of experiences are linked to increased happiness. This connection appears to be causal. Extended screen time is linked to increased suicide prevalence. 2 points for a detailed and thoughtful response to this. 2 points for a detailed account on real life observations on this topic. 3 points for discussing recommendations—restrict technology, encourage more in-person social interaction—and a personal response on whether these would work.] iGen is often criticized for being overly attached to their phones, having grown up with constant access to devices, unlike millennials who encountered them in their adolescence. This constant screen time is linked to rising rates of depression and suicide among teens, as studies show more screen time correlates with higher depressive symptoms. Social media plays a major role in these issues, promoting comparison and online bullying. iGen's increased dependence on phones also leads to less independence and delayed milestones, such as getting a driver's license or finishing college. Despite being home more, they often remain disengaged from family, distracted by their phones. While phones aren't the sole cause, they hinder face-to-face socialization, which is vital for mental well-being. To combat this, parents are encouraged to engage kids in phone-free activities, like family dinners or outdoor outings, to foster real-world connections and improve mental health. Establishing screen time boundaries early can also help, though it may not work for every child. Short essay questions should be answered in complete sentences. Describe a profile of someone who, based on statistics, would have a divorce rate well below the 40-50% range - Answers [TEACHERS NOTE] Answers should include some of the following features: annual income over 50k, waiting to have a baby, not having divorced parents, being religious, education. 2 pts. Then, 2 pts for a detailed profile. Ideally for someone who would have a divorce rate below the 40-50% range would come from non-divorced parents. Typically they would have an education, make a decent steady income, sometimes being religious, and strive to have kids at least 6 months after marriage. There is plenty of intimacy