PNB 2265 BLOOD 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
The major component of plasma is: - (answer)Water — Plasma is >90% water.
Which plasma protein prevents swelling and maintains osmolarity? - (answer)Albumin — Maintains
colloid osmotic pressure.
Which formed element is most abundant? - (answer)Erythrocytes — RBCs make up ~99.9% of formed
elements.
The "buffy coat" contains: - (answer)Leukocytes and platelets — Layer between plasma and RBCs after
centrifugation.
Hematocrit measures: - (answer)Percentage of RBC volume in whole blood — Normal ≈45%.
An increased MCV indicates: - (answer)Large RBCs (macrocytic).
A low MCHC suggests: - (answer)Low hemoglobin concentration inside RBCs.
A low platelet count (PLT) increases risk of: - (answer)Inability to clot / bleeding.
A right shift of the Hb-O2 curve means: - (answer)Decreased oxygen affinity and increased unloading.
Increased temperature causes what shift? - (answer)Right shift — Promotes oxygen release.
The universal donor blood type is: - (answer)O negative — No A, B, or Rh antigens.
The universal recipient is: - (answer)AB positive — Has all antigens, no antibodies.
Agglutination occurs when: - (answer)Antibodies bind foreign antigens causing clumping.
, PNB 2265 BLOOD 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when: - (answer)Rh− mother forms antibodies against Rh+
baby.
Endothelin functions during which phase of hemostasis? - (answer)Vascular spasm phase — Causes
vasoconstriction.
Thrombin converts: - (answer)Fibrinogen into fibrin.
Clotting factors are synthesized in: - (answer)The liver and require vitamin K.
Sickle cell disease causes problems because: - (answer)RBCs become rigid and block capillaries.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is dangerous because: - (answer)CO binds hemoglobin with higher affinity
than oxygen.
Cyanide poisoning primarily blocks: - (answer)The electron transport chain.
A person with blood type A− can receive: - (answer)A− or O− blood only.
An abnormal decrease in RBC count is called: - (answer)Erythropenia.
The majority of plasma proteins are: - (answer)Albumins.
A rightward shift of the Hb-O2 curve can be caused by: - (answer)Increased 2,3-DPG.
The intrinsic clotting pathway is activated by: - (answer)Collagen exposure from vascular damage.
SOLUTIONS
The major component of plasma is: - (answer)Water — Plasma is >90% water.
Which plasma protein prevents swelling and maintains osmolarity? - (answer)Albumin — Maintains
colloid osmotic pressure.
Which formed element is most abundant? - (answer)Erythrocytes — RBCs make up ~99.9% of formed
elements.
The "buffy coat" contains: - (answer)Leukocytes and platelets — Layer between plasma and RBCs after
centrifugation.
Hematocrit measures: - (answer)Percentage of RBC volume in whole blood — Normal ≈45%.
An increased MCV indicates: - (answer)Large RBCs (macrocytic).
A low MCHC suggests: - (answer)Low hemoglobin concentration inside RBCs.
A low platelet count (PLT) increases risk of: - (answer)Inability to clot / bleeding.
A right shift of the Hb-O2 curve means: - (answer)Decreased oxygen affinity and increased unloading.
Increased temperature causes what shift? - (answer)Right shift — Promotes oxygen release.
The universal donor blood type is: - (answer)O negative — No A, B, or Rh antigens.
The universal recipient is: - (answer)AB positive — Has all antigens, no antibodies.
Agglutination occurs when: - (answer)Antibodies bind foreign antigens causing clumping.
, PNB 2265 BLOOD 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | A+ GRADED | WITH EXPERT
SOLUTIONS
Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when: - (answer)Rh− mother forms antibodies against Rh+
baby.
Endothelin functions during which phase of hemostasis? - (answer)Vascular spasm phase — Causes
vasoconstriction.
Thrombin converts: - (answer)Fibrinogen into fibrin.
Clotting factors are synthesized in: - (answer)The liver and require vitamin K.
Sickle cell disease causes problems because: - (answer)RBCs become rigid and block capillaries.
Carbon monoxide poisoning is dangerous because: - (answer)CO binds hemoglobin with higher affinity
than oxygen.
Cyanide poisoning primarily blocks: - (answer)The electron transport chain.
A person with blood type A− can receive: - (answer)A− or O− blood only.
An abnormal decrease in RBC count is called: - (answer)Erythropenia.
The majority of plasma proteins are: - (answer)Albumins.
A rightward shift of the Hb-O2 curve can be caused by: - (answer)Increased 2,3-DPG.
The intrinsic clotting pathway is activated by: - (answer)Collagen exposure from vascular damage.
