PTAP 1350 - EXAM #3 REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

PTAP 1350 - EXAM #3 REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 Breathing Patterns - Answers Cheyne-Stokes Kussmaul's Respirations Bradypnea Tachypnea Cheyne-Stokes - Answers Periods of progressive deeper and faster breathing then a decrease with stop (apnea) What causes Cheyne-Stokes? - Answers Strokes, TBI, brain tumors, CO poisoning, metabolic encephalopathy Kussmaul's Respirations - Answers labored or hyperventilation with consistently deep and rapid respiration When is Kussmaul's seen? - Answers Late stages of severe metabolic acidosis such as diabetic ketoacidosis; AIR HUNGRY Bradypnea - Answers Respiratory rate that is lower than normal for age Tachypnea - Answers Respiratory rate that is greater than normal for age Atelectasis - Answers Collapse of normally expanded and aerated lung tissue at any structural level What are sudden causes of atelectasis? - Answers Dyspnea Tachypnea Cyanosis Drop in BP What diseases fall under the category of COPD? - Answers Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema Chronic Bronchitis - Answers inflammation of the bronchi with coughed up secretions How does chronic bronchitis present? - Answers Productive cough 3 months of the year for 2 years What is "Blue Bloater"? - Answers Chronic bronchitis Symptoms of "Blue Bloater"? - Answers Obese Cough Accessory muscle breathing Cyanotic Emphysema - Answers Permanent enlargement of lower airways with destruction of alveolar walls Etiology of Emphysema - Answers long term exposure to airborne irritants, cigarette cmoking Why is emphysema called "Pink Puffer"? - Answers Thin, barrel chested, no cough, pursed lip breathing, anxious A patient is breathing so fast through pursed lips showing what kind of signs? - Answers Skin looks pink Asthma - Answers Chronic inflammatory disorder of airways characterized by bronchial OBSTRUCTION Bronchospasms - Answers narrowing of airways because bronchioles are obstructed by muscle spasms Asthma symptoms include - Answers Wheezing, prolonged expiration, SOB, chest tightness sensation Signs of bronchospasms? - Answers swirling Simple explanation for OBSTRUCTIVE breathing? - Answers can breathe IN and cannot breathe OUT; inhale easy, exhale difficult Are allergies considered obstructive? - Answers Yes, they trigger asthma A lodging of a blood clot in pulmonary artery - Answers Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Most common cause of a PE? - Answers DVT in LE Risk Factors for PE/DVT? - Answers Immobility Surgery C-section LE fx Malignancy S & Sx of PE/DVT? - Answers Unexplained SOB Problems breathing Chest pain Coughing up Blood Pneumonia - Answers inflammation of ALVEOLI, small bronchi What happens in pneumonia? - Answers Bronchioles fill with infectious debris and exudate exudate - Answers fluid that accumulates in a wound; may contain serum, cellular debris, bacteria, and white blood cells Is pneumonia obstructive or restrictive? - Answers Restrictive, CANNOT get air IN Metaphors for Pneumonia? - Answers Cul De Sac Whoopie Cushion PNA is restrictive in similarity to? - Answers ARDS ARDS - Answers Acute respiratory distress syndrome Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Answers Form of respiratory failure after systemic or pulmonary insult Characteristics of ARDS? - Answers Shallow, Rapid breathing Treatment for ARDS? - Answers Sedation and Mechanical Ventilation ARDS is a fatal complication of? - Answers Serious Illness Trauma Major Surgery What is the mortality rate of ARDS in people over 60 years old? - Answers 90% How long do survivors have until normal lung function returns? - Answers 1 year BPPV - Answers benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo - Answers Episodic intense vertigo related to head position How to assess BPPV? - Answers Hallpike-Dix Maneuver Hallpike-Dix Maneuver positioning? - Answers Pt. sitting upright Pt. head rotated 45 degrees to affected side PT brings pt. down supine and extends head 30 degrees over edge of bed/table Hallpike-Dix maneuver can be used to test for? - Answers latency of onset of vertigo and nystagmus Cataracts shows as? - Answers Cloudy or Opaque are of the lens of the eye where Pupil appears WHITE/Opaque in appearance What is the most common cause of age related vision loss? - Answers Cataracts Macular Degeneration - Answers progressive deterioration of the macula of the retina What happens in macular degeneration? - Answers destructive changes of the yellow pigmented area surrounding the central fovea S & Sx of Macular Degeneration? - Answers Slow and Painless development Does NOT affect peripheral vision Affects BOTH eyes Eventual disappearance of CENTRAL vision Meniere's Disease - Answers aka: Endolymphatic hydrops - Disorder relating the membranous inner ear due to over accumulation of endolymph