VNSG 1126 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

VNSG 1126 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 REHABILITATION - Answers - dynamic health - oriented proc ess that helps people with acute or chronic disorders or people with physical, mental, or emotional disabilities to achieve the GREATEST possible level of physical, mental, spiritual, social and economic functioning - can be slow process - patient must be committed in order for it to work PRIMARY PREVENTION - Answers health promotion + illness prevention SECONDARY PREVENTION - Answers diagnosis + treatment TERTIARY PREVENTION - Answers rehabilitation, health restoration, + palliative care GOALS OF REHAB - Answers - restore patients ability to function independently or at pre-illness/injury level as fast as possible - if not possible get to max independence DISABILITY - Answers - restriction in performance or function in daily activities - difficulty performing ADL's EMOTIONAL REACTIONS TO DISABILITY - Answers - shock - anxiety: panic like state as the event is processed - denial: defense mechanism to warn off anxiety - depression: realization of permanance or magnitude - anger + hostility: self-directed, externalized - adjustment: self acceptance, reintegrates into community MEMBERS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM: PATIENT - Answers - participates in goal setting - learning to function using remaining abilities - adjusting to living with disabilities MEMBERS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM: FAMILY - Answers - entire unit needs to adapt to new disability - source for support - participate in problem solving - learning to provide necessary ongoing care MEMBERS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM: NURSE - Answers - comprehensive assessment - establish short, medium + long term goals - develop collaborative plan to achieve goals - evaluation to assess progression towards goal - plan of care - nurse-patient relationship - family relationship - support MEMBERS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM: GENERAL - Answers -physician - psychiatrist/ therapist - physical therapist - occupational therapist - speech therapist - social worker/case manager - vocational counselor - orthotist/prosthetist CONDITIONS TREATED IN THE REHAB SETTING - Answers - stroke recovery - spinal cord injury - orthopedic rehabilitation - cardiac rehabilitation - pulmonary rehabilitation - comprehensive pain management - burn rehabilitation - substance abuse - pediatric rehabilitation SUBSTANCE ABUSE - Answers - 50% of all spinal cord injuries are related to - 50% of all patients with a TBI were intoxicated at the time FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE MEASURE (FMI) - Answers - one of most frequently used tools for PT assessment - minimum data set measures 18 items WHAT DOES FMI MEASURE - Answers - bathing - eating - dressing upper + lower body - toileting - transferring - bladder + bowel management - communication - social skills - ability to climb stairs - scoring based on 7 point scale - 7 = independence - 1 = dependence KATZ INDEX - Answers measures how many ADL's the patient can do on their own - 6 indicates full function - 4 indicates moderate impairment - 2 or below severe functional impairment BARTHEL INDEX - Answers - use to measure the patients level of independence in ADL's - does not address communicative or cognitive abilities - 0= unable - 5 - needs help/minor - 10 independent ADL'S - Answers - bathing - dressing - toileting - transferring - continence - feeding IADL'S - Answers - ability to use the phone - shopping - food prep - housekeeping - laundry - mode of transportation - ability to handle finances - responsible for own meds NREM SLEEP (NON RAPID EYE MOVEMENT) - Answers - occurs when activity in the ras is inhibited - 75%-85% of sleep - divided into 3 stages STAGE 1 NREM SLEEP - Answers - very light sleep, lasting only few min - person feels drowsy + relaxed - eyes roll from side to side - heart + respect rates drop - can readily be awakened + may deny was sleeping - low voltage brain waves STAGE 2 NREM SLEEP - Answers - body processing continues to slow down - eyes are generally still - heart + respiratory rate continue to decrease - body temp falls - requires more intense stimuli to wake up then stage 1 such as touching or shaking STAGE 3 NREM SLEEP - Answers - deepest stage of sleep - sleepers heart rate + respiratory rate drop 20% to 30% below those in waking hours - difficult to arouse - person is not disturbed by sensory stimuli - skeletal muscles are very relaxed, reflexes are diminished - snoring is likely to occur - this stage is essential for restoring energy + releasing important growth hormones REM SLEEP (RAPID EYE MOVEMENT) - Answers - usually occurs about every 90 minutes last 5 - 30 minutes - where most dreams take place but aren't remembered bc person arouses briefly at the end of REM period - brain is highly active, brain metabolism may increase as much as 20% - levels of acetylcholine + dopamine increase - also called paradoxical sleep bc EEG activity resembles that of wakefulness - distinctive eye movement occur - voluntary muscle tone is dramatically decreased + deep tendon reflexes are absent - sleeper may be difficult to arouse - gastric secretions increase - heart + respiratory rates are irregular - regions of brain that are used in learning, thinking, + organizing info are stimulated during REM sleep CIRCADIAN RHYTHM - Answers - sort of 24 hour internal biological clock of sleep + wake cycle - body temp, bp + other physiological functions follow circadian - synchronized with environmental factors, such as light + darkness CIRCIADIAN SYNCHRONIZATION - Answers - when a persons biological clock coincides with the sleep/wake cycles - the person is awake when the body temp is the highest and sleep when the body temp is the lowest NEED FOR SLEEP - Answers - necessary for protein synthesis which allows repair process to occur NEED FOR SLEEP - Answers - helps with psychological well-being ex: deterioration in mental functioning if sleep is lost - tend to become emotional, irritable, poor concentration, difficult to make decisions HOW ILLNESS AFFECTS SLEEP - Answers - illness that causes pain can result in sleep problems - ill PT require more sleep - respiratory conditions can disturb sleep - normal rhythm of sleep + wakefulness is disturbed - shortness of breath makes it hard to sleep - nasal congestion or sinus drainage make sleeping hard - endocrine disturbances effect sleep HOW ILLNESS AFFECTS SLEEP - Answers - hyperthyroidism lengthens pre sleep time, making it difficult to fall asleep - hypothydroidism decreases stage 3 sleep - low estrogen levels report excessive fatigue - low estrogen levels have sleep disruptions due to hot flashes or night sweats - elevated body temps can cause reduction in delta sleep + REM sleep - the need to urinate during the night disrupts sleep + have difficulty going back to sleep HOW ENVIRONMENT AFFECTS SLEEP - Answers - can promote or hinder sleep - person must achieve a state of relaxation prior to sleep - noise can prohibit sleep - absence of usual stimuli or presence of unfamiliar stimuli prevent sleep - lack of venitlation and discomforting temp affects sleep - sleep partner and comfort + size of bed affects sleep HOW LIFESTYLE AFFECTS SLEEP - Answers - irregular morning + nighttime schedule can affect sleep - moderate exercise in morning is conductive to sleep - exercise late in day can delay sleep - persons ability to relax affects sleep - avoid homework or office work before sleep - night shift has trouble HOW EMOTIONAL STRESS AFFECTS SLEEP - Answers - one of the greatest difficulties falling asleep + staying asleep - constant exposure to stress will increase activation of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis leading to sleep disorders - unable to relax - anxiety increases norepinephrine blood levels through stimulation os sympathetic nervous system - this chemical change can result in less deep + REM sleep + more stage changes + awakenings HOW MEDS AFFECT SLEEP - Answers - most hypnotics interfere with deep sleep + suppress REM sleep - beta blockers cause insomnia + nightmares - narcotics (morphine) suppress REM sleep + cause frequent awakenings + drowsiness - tranquilizers interfere with REM sleep - antidepressants suppress REM sleep (still THERAPEUTIC ACTION) - when discontinuing drugs PT may experience intense dreams DRUGS THAT DISRUPT SLEEP - Answers - alcohol - amphetamines - antidepressant - beta blockers - bronchodilators - caffeine - decongestants - narcotics - steroids HOW ALCOHOL + STIMULANTS AFFECT SLEEP - Answers - caffeine containing bevs act as stimulants of the CNS - drinking caffeine in the afternoon or evening interfere with sleep - excessive amount of alcohol disturbs sleep - alcohol disrupts REM sleep after wears off some people experience nightmares HOW DIET AFFECTS SLEEP - Answers - weight gain is associated with reduced total sleep time as well as broken sleep + earlier awakenings - weight loss increases sleep time + less broken sleep - dietary L-tryptophan found for example in cheese + milk may induce sleep HOW SMOKING AFFECTS SLEEP - Answers - nicotine has stimulating affect on body + smokers have more difficulty falling asleep - smokers are easily aroused / light sleepers - refrain from smoking after evening meal to sleep better - sleep patterns improve after quitting HOW MOTIVATION AFFECTS SLEEP - Answers - can cause increase in alter ness - combination of boredom + lack of sleep can contribute to feeling tired INSUFFICIENT SLEEP - Answers - PT feel more sleepiness + fatigue during daytime - may develop attention + concentration deficits, reduced vigilance, distractibility, reduce motivation, fatigue, malaise + dry mouth - staying awake 19 hours same as blood acohol level of 0.05 - staying awake 24 hours has same effect + reaction times + cognitive as being legally drunk (0.1) - nurses who get less sleep are more likely to make mistakes ASSESSMENT OF PT SLEEP PATTERN - Answers - sleep history - diagnostic study - sleep study - interview - sleep diary - health history - physical exam - review sleep studies INTERVENTIONS FOR PROMOTING REST - Answers - teaching - bedtime rituals - restful environment - promote comfort + relaxation - medication - evaluation ACUTE PAIN - Answers - pain only last through expected recovery prior - could have sudden or slow onset regardless of intensity CHRONIC PAIN - Answers - prolonged pain usually recurring or lasting 3+ months - interferes with functioning