PATHOLOGY 1350-FINAL UPDATE|EXAM QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE CHOICES |VERIFIED & REVISED ANSWERS (NEW)!!!

PATHOLOGY 1350-FINAL
UPDATE|EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH MULTIPLE
CHOICES |VERIFIED & REVISED
ANSWERS (NEW)!!!
OSTEOARTHRITISm-mCORRECTmANSWERmAlsomknownmasmDegenerativemJointmDisease/OA

Progressivemdamagemandmlossmofmarticularmcartilage.m

Jointmspacesmnarrow.m

Mostmcommonmformmofmarthritis.m

Mostlymseenminmhips,mknees,mhands,mandmfeet.m

ETIOLOGY-agingmprocess,minherited,mobesity,mstructuralmabnormalities.

TREATMENTS-
med:mNSAIDS,mINJECTIONmOFmCORTIOCOSTEROIDSmANDmHYALURONICmACIDmBASEDmMEDS



BUOCHARDmNODESm-mCORRECTmANSWERmOA,monmproximalmIPmjoints



HEBERDENmNODESm-mCORRECTmANSWERmOA,monmdistalmIPmjoints



RHEUMATOIDmARTHRITISm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmBodymbelievesmsynovialmtissuemtombemforeignmandmattacksmit,mcausingminflam


mationmandmjointmeffusionm(swelling).m

Canmbemassociatedmwithmulnarmdrift,mswanmneckmdeformities,mandmboutonnieremdeformities

Pharmacotherapy:mNSAIDS,mCorticosteroids,mDMARDs(anti-rheumaticmdrugs)



OSGOOD-SCHLATTERSmDISEASEm-mCORRECTmANSWERmKneempainminmgrowingmadolescent

,Overuseminjurymwithmactivitiesmthatminvolvemrepetitivemextensionmofmthemknee:mrunning,metc.m

Painmismduemtominflammationmofmthempatellarmtendon

Thempatellarmtendonmismbeingmstretchedmandmismpullingmonmtheminsertionmpointmatmthemtibialmtube
rosity

Treatment:Reducingmpainmandmswelling,mNSAIDsmandmwrappingmthemknee



KYPHOSISm-mCORRECTmANSWERmExaggerationmofmthemnormalmposteriormthoracicmcurvature.

Canmhavemroundedmshouldersmandmdowager'smhump.

Etiology:mCanmbemfrommposturemormdisease.mChronicmspasticitymofmpectoralismmajormandmminor,ms
erratusmanterior,mweakmrhomboidmmajormandmminor.mOsteoporosisminmoldermpersons.

Tuberculosismofmvertebralmbodies,mankylosingmspondylitis,mcancer,mbenignmtumors,mspinambifida,mc
erebralmpalsy,mpoliomyelitis



SCOLIOSISm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmLateralmcurvatureminmthemnormallymstraightmverticalmlinemofmthemspine.m



Structuralm:

1.mUnknownm(80%mofmcases)minmadolescents,mormamcongenitalmmalformationmofmthemspinemandmdis
eases

2.mCausesmampermanentmchangeminmthemspine

3.mCanmalsombemsecondarymtomparalysis.mFunctional:

1.mCausedmbympainmormpoormposture

2.mAppearsmtomchangemconfigurationmwhenmthempatientmmoves

Causedmbymprotrusionmofmtransversemprocessmofmthemrotatedmvertebrae.mOnmthemsidemofmcurve'smc
onvexity



LORDOSISm-mCORRECTmANSWERmAlsomknownmasmhyperlordosis,msaddleback,mormswayback

Exaggerationmofmthemnormalmanteriormcurvaturemofmthemlumbarmspinem

Canmleadmtomdegenerativemdiscmdiseasemormherniatedmdiscsminmthemlumbarmspine

, Etiology

Posturalmcompensationmformaddedmabdominalmmass,mgirth,masminmpregnancymandmobesity

Maymaccompanymspinalmdiseasemsuchmasmosteoporosismormspondylolisthesis



SPONDYLISTHESISm-mCORRECTmANSWERmVertebrambecomesmanteriorlymdisplaced

UsuallymaffectsmL4/L5mormL5/S1

Agemofmonsetmusuallym>m40,mwomenm>mmenm(3:1)

Etiology

Discmdegenerationmandmbonemdiseasem(arthritis)

Birthmdefectmormtraumamtomvertebralmcolumnm

SignsmandmSymptoms

Lowmbackmpain,mreferredmpain

Musclemspasm

Increasedmlumbarmlordosis

Stepmdeformity-onemspinousmprocessmpalpatedmanteriormtomnext



SPONDYLOLYSISm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmStructuralmdeformityminmthemparsminterarticularismofmlumbarmspinemvertebra


e

UsuallymoccursmatmL4/L5mormL5/S1m

d.mCanmcausemanteriormslippingmofmthemL5mvertebramovermthemsacrummcalledmspondylolisthesis



SPONDYLOSISm-mCORRECTmANSWERmDegenerativemchangeminmthemspine

Commonlymaffectsmthemneck

Resultminmbonemspurmgrowthsmthatmcanmputmpressuremonmspinalmnervesmormthemspinalmcord

Etiology

Agingmprocess