,Chapter 1 Issues and Trends in Pediatric Nursing
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Multiple Choice
jk
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
1. The nurse has provided a presentation to middle school children about nursing as a
jk jk j k j k j k jk j k j k jk jk j k j k j k
career. One of the children stated that he wanted to be a pediatric nurse,
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk j k jk jk j k
because he wants to take care of babies and little “kids.” What would be an
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
appropriate response to this middle school–aged child?
j k j k j k j k j k jk j k
1. “Nursing is a general practice; all nurses must know how to take care
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
of all ages of patients.”
jk jk jk jk jk
2. “As a pediatric nurse, you would get to care for babies and little kids
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
as well as children through their teenage years.”
jk jk jk jk jk jk j k j k
3. “What you are describing is actually a neonatal nurse. Neonatal nurses
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
work with newborn babies, toddlers, and preschool-age children.”
jk jk jk jk j k j k jk jk
4. “Being a pediatric nurse requires a master’s degree, so be sure to
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
work hard in school!”
jk j k jk jk
2. The medical-surgical float nurse is assigned to the pediatric unit for the first time and states
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
that the skills are “the same as general nursing since children are little adults with smaller
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
bodies.” What component of pediatric nursing contraindicates this statement?
jk j k j k j k jk j k j k j k j k
1. Pediatric nursing involves care based on the developmental level of the patient.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. Pediatric nursing involves the patient’s family in the plan of care.
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. Pediatric nursing in based on prevention of infectious diseases.
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk j k
4. Pediatric nursing involves cultural sensitivity in patient care.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. The culturally sensitive pediatric nurse is aware of the racial makeup of the U.S.
jk jk jk j k j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
population. Which of the following reflects the demographics of the U.S. pediatric
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
population in 2018, based on U.S. Census Bureau data?
jk jk jk j k jk jk j k j k jk
1. The American Indian and Alaska Native population represent one-fifth of
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the pediatric population.
jk jk jk
2. About half of the children fall in the category of something other than
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
White non- Hispanic.
jk j k jk
3. The population of Asian children decreased from 2015 to 2018.
jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk jk
4. There was no change in the population of Non-Hispanic children
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
who represent two or more races between 2015 and 2018.
jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
4. The nurse at a family clinic is providing care to an adolescent patient diagnosed with
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
diabetes. The patient has verbalized discomfort with the feelings of isolation when
jk jk j k j k j k j k j k jk j k j k j k jk
unable to drink alcohol with their friends. Which of the following would be the
jk j k j k jk jk jk j k j k jk jk jk jk jk jk
most appropriate response to this statement?
jk j k jk jk jk jk
1. “Drinking alcohol is not only illegal but dangerous for your blood sugar
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
control and overall well-being.”
j k jk jk jk
2. “You can still drink alcohol, in moderation, if you control the sugar
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
spike with more insulin.”
jk j k j k jk
3. “Prepare for alcohol intake with more water and less carbohydrates
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
before drinking to slow sugar spikes.”
jk jk jk j k jk j k
4. “It is understandable that you want to be included, but perhaps we can
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
work out a plan on how to work through those situations.”
jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
,5. Which statement best describes the common core concepts of the different models
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k
of pediatric nursing?
jk j k jk
1. All models focus on the open communication between the child and nurse.
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. All models focus on importance of family relationship to the child.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk
3. All models focus on safeguarding the child’s dignity during care.
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
4. All models focus on coordination of care needs that arise during illness.
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk j k
6. Which of the following tasks is associated with the pediatric medical home care
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
jkmodel of pediatric nursing? jk jk jk
1. The nurse refers the family to a childhood cancer support group prior
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
to discharge from the hospital.
jk j k j k jk jk
2. The nurse includes a simple explanation of the procedure to the child based
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
on the child’s developmental level.
jk jk jk jk jk
3. The nurse includes the family’s cultural celebrations and
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
observations while providing care to the child.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
4. The nurse develops the plan of care with the child and family as the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
focal point of the interventions.
jk jk jk jk j k
7. The pediatric nurse begins a research project on 8-year-old patients with the
jk j k j k j k jk j k j k jk j k jk jk
medical diagnosis of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). The
j k jk jk jk j k j k jk jk j k
family has consented to the research, but as the nurse begins to administer the
j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk
jkintervention, the patient refuses to cooperate. What is the appropriate response
jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
to this refusal?
j k j k j k
1. The nurse should discuss with the family the options of
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
performing the intervention without the child’s knowledge.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. The nurse should explain to the child that this is necessary and
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
promise a reward at the end of the research project.
jk jk jk jk j k jk j k jk jk jk
3. The nurse should refuse to perform the intervention until the child consents
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
to the intervention and project.
jk jk j k jk jk
4. The nurse should discuss the pros and cons of the research project with
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the child and focus on the outcomes.
jk jk jk j k jk jk jk
8. A nurse is providing relationship-based care to a pediatric patient. Which of the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
following is a challenge the nurse is likely to encounter while using this
jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
model of care?
j k j k jk
1. Maintaining a sterile field for a procedure with a restless toddler jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. Communicating with the blended family on regular basis jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. Treating children with antibiotic-resistant illnesses jk jk jk jk
4. Caring for a larger number of children with autism spectrum
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
disorders and childhood depression
jk jk jk jk
9. The pediatric nurse desires to expand his or her career options to become
j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
the hospital’s nurse educator of pediatrics. Which of the following is necessary for
j k j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
this nurse to achieve this career goal?
jk jk jk jk jk jk j k
1. The nurse is recommended to earn a minimum of a master’s degree in nursing.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. The nurse must earn a minimum of a doctorate degree in nursing.
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. The nurse must implement and develop research in nursing practice.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
4. The nurse must implement a plan to obtain certification in pediatrics.
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
, j k 10. The school nurse is developing a teaching session for the population of children
jk jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
in a middle school. The nurse has determined that the greatest need for the
jk jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
overall health of the children is promotion of healthy foods. Which of the
j k j k j k jk jk j k j k jk jk jk jk jk jk
following interventions is most likely to be effective?
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk
1. Remove all unhealthy snacks from the vending machines.jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. Have a poster contest on healthy eating options.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. Survey the student population during lunch breaks.
jk jk jk jk jk jk
4. Engage the students in healthy choices with cooking lessons.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k
j k 11. The nurse recognizes the needs of professional development to provide safe and
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
effective care to the pediatric population by attending which of the
jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
following courses?
j k j k
1. Procedure with rationale to administer human papilloma vaccine to the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
middle school population
jk j k jk
2. Study review of the incidence of bullying and intimidation in
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the elementary school population
jk jk jk jk
3. Demographic study of the U.S. population with regard to cultural diversity jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
and practices
jk jk
4. How to provide individual health care education for the children
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
without parental interference
jk jk jk
j k 12. Which of the following continuing education courses would best enhance the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
pediatric nurse’s practice in relationship to current trends?
jk jk jk j k jk j k j k jk
1. Evidence-based practice on improving antibiotic adherence with education jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
to the family unit
jk jk j k jk
2. Evidence-based practice on proper administration of antibiotics for jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
children with autoimmune diseases
jk jk jk jk
3. How to enhance communication with children in regards to adherence
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
to antibiotic use
jk jk jk
4. How to decrease instances of exacerbation of infections of
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
children with autoimmune diseases with antibiotics
jk jk jk jk jk jk
j k 13. The pediatric nurse is developing interventions for a school-aged child based on
jk jk jk j k jk j k j k j k jk jk j k jk
the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition related to a body mass index (BMI)
jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
of 37 and poor food choices as evidenced by patient’s mother’s food diary for the
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
family and child’s statements of food preferences. Which of the following would
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk j k jk
be an appropriate nursing intervention?
j k jk jk jk j k
1. Provide the child and family with information from https://www.MyPlate.gov
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
for healthy food options.
jk j k jk jk
2. Increase the child’s activity by incorporating the child’s friends into a
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
plan of healthy exercise options.
jk j k jk jk jk
3. Explain the importance of balancing diet and exercise to prevent obesity to
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the child and family.
jk jk j k j k
4. Provide information on the increased risk for potential disease processes
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
such as diabetes and hypertension.
jk jk jk jk j k
j k 14. The nurse is developing interventions for a transgender adolescent based on the nursing
j k jk j k j k j k j k j k j k jk j k j k j k jk j k
j k diagnosis
decreased self-esteem related to transgender identity as evidenced by statements of feeling
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
“worthless, different, and alone.” What would be the most appropriate intervention based on
j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the diagnosis?
jk j k
1. Give positive feedback on personal choices as appropriate.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
Multiple Choice
jk
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
1. The nurse has provided a presentation to middle school children about nursing as a
jk jk j k j k j k jk j k j k jk jk j k j k j k
career. One of the children stated that he wanted to be a pediatric nurse,
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk j k jk jk j k
because he wants to take care of babies and little “kids.” What would be an
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
appropriate response to this middle school–aged child?
j k j k j k j k j k jk j k
1. “Nursing is a general practice; all nurses must know how to take care
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
of all ages of patients.”
jk jk jk jk jk
2. “As a pediatric nurse, you would get to care for babies and little kids
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
as well as children through their teenage years.”
jk jk jk jk jk jk j k j k
3. “What you are describing is actually a neonatal nurse. Neonatal nurses
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
work with newborn babies, toddlers, and preschool-age children.”
jk jk jk jk j k j k jk jk
4. “Being a pediatric nurse requires a master’s degree, so be sure to
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
work hard in school!”
jk j k jk jk
2. The medical-surgical float nurse is assigned to the pediatric unit for the first time and states
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
that the skills are “the same as general nursing since children are little adults with smaller
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
bodies.” What component of pediatric nursing contraindicates this statement?
jk j k j k j k jk j k j k j k j k
1. Pediatric nursing involves care based on the developmental level of the patient.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. Pediatric nursing involves the patient’s family in the plan of care.
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. Pediatric nursing in based on prevention of infectious diseases.
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk j k
4. Pediatric nursing involves cultural sensitivity in patient care.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. The culturally sensitive pediatric nurse is aware of the racial makeup of the U.S.
jk jk jk j k j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
population. Which of the following reflects the demographics of the U.S. pediatric
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
population in 2018, based on U.S. Census Bureau data?
jk jk jk j k jk jk j k j k jk
1. The American Indian and Alaska Native population represent one-fifth of
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the pediatric population.
jk jk jk
2. About half of the children fall in the category of something other than
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
White non- Hispanic.
jk j k jk
3. The population of Asian children decreased from 2015 to 2018.
jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk jk
4. There was no change in the population of Non-Hispanic children
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
who represent two or more races between 2015 and 2018.
jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
4. The nurse at a family clinic is providing care to an adolescent patient diagnosed with
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
diabetes. The patient has verbalized discomfort with the feelings of isolation when
jk jk j k j k j k j k j k jk j k j k j k jk
unable to drink alcohol with their friends. Which of the following would be the
jk j k j k jk jk jk j k j k jk jk jk jk jk jk
most appropriate response to this statement?
jk j k jk jk jk jk
1. “Drinking alcohol is not only illegal but dangerous for your blood sugar
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
control and overall well-being.”
j k jk jk jk
2. “You can still drink alcohol, in moderation, if you control the sugar
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
spike with more insulin.”
jk j k j k jk
3. “Prepare for alcohol intake with more water and less carbohydrates
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
before drinking to slow sugar spikes.”
jk jk jk j k jk j k
4. “It is understandable that you want to be included, but perhaps we can
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
work out a plan on how to work through those situations.”
jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
,5. Which statement best describes the common core concepts of the different models
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k
of pediatric nursing?
jk j k jk
1. All models focus on the open communication between the child and nurse.
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. All models focus on importance of family relationship to the child.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk
3. All models focus on safeguarding the child’s dignity during care.
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
4. All models focus on coordination of care needs that arise during illness.
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk j k
6. Which of the following tasks is associated with the pediatric medical home care
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
jkmodel of pediatric nursing? jk jk jk
1. The nurse refers the family to a childhood cancer support group prior
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
to discharge from the hospital.
jk j k j k jk jk
2. The nurse includes a simple explanation of the procedure to the child based
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
on the child’s developmental level.
jk jk jk jk jk
3. The nurse includes the family’s cultural celebrations and
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
observations while providing care to the child.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
4. The nurse develops the plan of care with the child and family as the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
focal point of the interventions.
jk jk jk jk j k
7. The pediatric nurse begins a research project on 8-year-old patients with the
jk j k j k j k jk j k j k jk j k jk jk
medical diagnosis of pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). The
j k jk jk jk j k j k jk jk j k
family has consented to the research, but as the nurse begins to administer the
j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk
jkintervention, the patient refuses to cooperate. What is the appropriate response
jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
to this refusal?
j k j k j k
1. The nurse should discuss with the family the options of
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
performing the intervention without the child’s knowledge.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. The nurse should explain to the child that this is necessary and
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
promise a reward at the end of the research project.
jk jk jk jk j k jk j k jk jk jk
3. The nurse should refuse to perform the intervention until the child consents
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
to the intervention and project.
jk jk j k jk jk
4. The nurse should discuss the pros and cons of the research project with
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the child and focus on the outcomes.
jk jk jk j k jk jk jk
8. A nurse is providing relationship-based care to a pediatric patient. Which of the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
following is a challenge the nurse is likely to encounter while using this
jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
model of care?
j k j k jk
1. Maintaining a sterile field for a procedure with a restless toddler jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. Communicating with the blended family on regular basis jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. Treating children with antibiotic-resistant illnesses jk jk jk jk
4. Caring for a larger number of children with autism spectrum
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
disorders and childhood depression
jk jk jk jk
9. The pediatric nurse desires to expand his or her career options to become
j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
the hospital’s nurse educator of pediatrics. Which of the following is necessary for
j k j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
this nurse to achieve this career goal?
jk jk jk jk jk jk j k
1. The nurse is recommended to earn a minimum of a master’s degree in nursing.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. The nurse must earn a minimum of a doctorate degree in nursing.
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. The nurse must implement and develop research in nursing practice.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
4. The nurse must implement a plan to obtain certification in pediatrics.
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
, j k 10. The school nurse is developing a teaching session for the population of children
jk jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
in a middle school. The nurse has determined that the greatest need for the
jk jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
overall health of the children is promotion of healthy foods. Which of the
j k j k j k jk jk j k j k jk jk jk jk jk jk
following interventions is most likely to be effective?
jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk
1. Remove all unhealthy snacks from the vending machines.jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
2. Have a poster contest on healthy eating options.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
3. Survey the student population during lunch breaks.
jk jk jk jk jk jk
4. Engage the students in healthy choices with cooking lessons.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k
j k 11. The nurse recognizes the needs of professional development to provide safe and
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
effective care to the pediatric population by attending which of the
jk jk jk j k j k j k j k j k j k j k j k
following courses?
j k j k
1. Procedure with rationale to administer human papilloma vaccine to the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
middle school population
jk j k jk
2. Study review of the incidence of bullying and intimidation in
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the elementary school population
jk jk jk jk
3. Demographic study of the U.S. population with regard to cultural diversity jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
and practices
jk jk
4. How to provide individual health care education for the children
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
without parental interference
jk jk jk
j k 12. Which of the following continuing education courses would best enhance the
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
pediatric nurse’s practice in relationship to current trends?
jk jk jk j k jk j k j k jk
1. Evidence-based practice on improving antibiotic adherence with education jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
to the family unit
jk jk j k jk
2. Evidence-based practice on proper administration of antibiotics for jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
children with autoimmune diseases
jk jk jk jk
3. How to enhance communication with children in regards to adherence
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
to antibiotic use
jk jk jk
4. How to decrease instances of exacerbation of infections of
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
children with autoimmune diseases with antibiotics
jk jk jk jk jk jk
j k 13. The pediatric nurse is developing interventions for a school-aged child based on
jk jk jk j k jk j k j k j k jk jk j k jk
the nursing diagnosis of imbalanced nutrition related to a body mass index (BMI)
jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
of 37 and poor food choices as evidenced by patient’s mother’s food diary for the
jk jk j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
family and child’s statements of food preferences. Which of the following would
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk j k jk jk j k jk
be an appropriate nursing intervention?
j k jk jk jk j k
1. Provide the child and family with information from https://www.MyPlate.gov
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
for healthy food options.
jk j k jk jk
2. Increase the child’s activity by incorporating the child’s friends into a
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
plan of healthy exercise options.
jk j k jk jk jk
3. Explain the importance of balancing diet and exercise to prevent obesity to
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the child and family.
jk jk j k j k
4. Provide information on the increased risk for potential disease processes
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
such as diabetes and hypertension.
jk jk jk jk j k
j k 14. The nurse is developing interventions for a transgender adolescent based on the nursing
j k jk j k j k j k j k j k j k jk j k j k j k jk j k
j k diagnosis
decreased self-esteem related to transgender identity as evidenced by statements of feeling
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
“worthless, different, and alone.” What would be the most appropriate intervention based on
j k jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
the diagnosis?
jk j k
1. Give positive feedback on personal choices as appropriate.
jk jk jk jk jk jk jk
