PTAP 1400 FINAL EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
Axis of rotation is ____ to the plane of motion - Answers - always perpendicular
Hip extension occurs in the ___ plane around a ___ axis - Answers - sagittal plane
- medial / lateral axis
What is the convex on concave rule? - Answers - will move opposite direction
What is an example of convex on concave rule? - Answers - with shoulder flexion, the head goes
posterior while the arm goes anterior
- with shoulder abduction, the head goes inferior while the arm goes superior
What is the concave on convex rule? - Answers - will move same direction
What is an example of concave on convex rule? - Answers - if the tibia moves on the femur into
flexion, it goes posterior
What is roll and opposite direction? - Answers - slide maintains articular stability
What is roll and slide in the same direction? - Answers - maintains firm surface contact
What is the arthrokinematic motion of GH flexion? - Answers - superior / anterior roll
- inferior / posterior glide
What is the arthrokinematic motion of GH abduction? - Answers - superior roll
- inferior glide
What is the arthrokinematic motion of GH ER? - Answers - posterior roll
- anterior glide
What is the synovial fluid and membrane? - Answers - provides joint lubrication and nutrition
What is the articular cartilage? - Answers - dissipates and absorbs compressive forces
- at the ends of bones
- type II collagen
- thin but strong
What is the articular capsule? - Answers - CT that surround and binds the joint together limits
restricted motions
What does tendon connect? - Answers - muscle to bone
- convert muscle force into bony motion with parallel alignment of collagen fiber
- concentric contraction
What does ligaments connect? - Answers - bone to bone
- maintain a joint's structure with irregular crossing patterns of collagen fibers
- irregular cross-pattern
- stop existing irregular forces
What is joint play test? - Answers - check for ligamentous and capsular laxity
What is the related terminology for joint play test? - Answers - test for hypermobility
Who performs the joint play test to check the integrity? - Answers - PT
What is the proximal attachment (origin)? - Answers - point of attachment CLOSEST to the midline or
"core" of the body
What is the distal attachment (insertion)? - Answers - point of attachment FARTHEST from the
midline or "core" of the body
What is the definition of agonist? - Answers - aka "prime mover"
- muscle or muscle group MOST DIRECTLY RELATED TO PERFORMING A SPECIFIC MOVEMENT
What is an example of agonist? - Answers - quadriceps are agonists for knee extension
What is the definition of antagonist? - Answers - muscle or muscle group THAT CAN OPPOSE THE
ACTION OF THE AGONIST
What is an example of antagonist? - Answers - during elbow flexion, the biceps are the agonist and
the triceps are the antagonists
- the triceps are passively elongated / stretched as the elbow is flexed
What is the definition of co-contraction? - Answers - occurs when AGONIST and ANTAGONIST
muscles are SIMULTANEOUSLY activated in an isometric fashion
What is the definition of stabilizer? - Answers - muscles that "fixes" or holds a body segment
relatively stationary so that another muscle can more effectively perform
What is the definition of synergist? - Answers - muscles that WORK TOGETHER to perform a particular
action
What is a isometric contraction? - Answers - remaining at constant length
- no movement occurs
Axis of rotation is ____ to the plane of motion - Answers - always perpendicular
Hip extension occurs in the ___ plane around a ___ axis - Answers - sagittal plane
- medial / lateral axis
What is the convex on concave rule? - Answers - will move opposite direction
What is an example of convex on concave rule? - Answers - with shoulder flexion, the head goes
posterior while the arm goes anterior
- with shoulder abduction, the head goes inferior while the arm goes superior
What is the concave on convex rule? - Answers - will move same direction
What is an example of concave on convex rule? - Answers - if the tibia moves on the femur into
flexion, it goes posterior
What is roll and opposite direction? - Answers - slide maintains articular stability
What is roll and slide in the same direction? - Answers - maintains firm surface contact
What is the arthrokinematic motion of GH flexion? - Answers - superior / anterior roll
- inferior / posterior glide
What is the arthrokinematic motion of GH abduction? - Answers - superior roll
- inferior glide
What is the arthrokinematic motion of GH ER? - Answers - posterior roll
- anterior glide
What is the synovial fluid and membrane? - Answers - provides joint lubrication and nutrition
What is the articular cartilage? - Answers - dissipates and absorbs compressive forces
- at the ends of bones
- type II collagen
- thin but strong
What is the articular capsule? - Answers - CT that surround and binds the joint together limits
restricted motions
What does tendon connect? - Answers - muscle to bone
- convert muscle force into bony motion with parallel alignment of collagen fiber
- concentric contraction
What does ligaments connect? - Answers - bone to bone
- maintain a joint's structure with irregular crossing patterns of collagen fibers
- irregular cross-pattern
- stop existing irregular forces
What is joint play test? - Answers - check for ligamentous and capsular laxity
What is the related terminology for joint play test? - Answers - test for hypermobility
Who performs the joint play test to check the integrity? - Answers - PT
What is the proximal attachment (origin)? - Answers - point of attachment CLOSEST to the midline or
"core" of the body
What is the distal attachment (insertion)? - Answers - point of attachment FARTHEST from the
midline or "core" of the body
What is the definition of agonist? - Answers - aka "prime mover"
- muscle or muscle group MOST DIRECTLY RELATED TO PERFORMING A SPECIFIC MOVEMENT
What is an example of agonist? - Answers - quadriceps are agonists for knee extension
What is the definition of antagonist? - Answers - muscle or muscle group THAT CAN OPPOSE THE
ACTION OF THE AGONIST
What is an example of antagonist? - Answers - during elbow flexion, the biceps are the agonist and
the triceps are the antagonists
- the triceps are passively elongated / stretched as the elbow is flexed
What is the definition of co-contraction? - Answers - occurs when AGONIST and ANTAGONIST
muscles are SIMULTANEOUSLY activated in an isometric fashion
What is the definition of stabilizer? - Answers - muscles that "fixes" or holds a body segment
relatively stationary so that another muscle can more effectively perform
What is the definition of synergist? - Answers - muscles that WORK TOGETHER to perform a particular
action
What is a isometric contraction? - Answers - remaining at constant length
- no movement occurs
