APEA 3P (Predictive, Preventive,
Personalized) Actual
Exam Questions Bank- Comprehensive
Review of Differential Diagnosis and Clinical
Presentation
1. Question: A 52-year-old male presents with
acute onset of severe right flank pain radiating
to the groin. He is restless and unable to find a
comfortable position. Vital signs are stable.
Urinalysis reveals hematuria. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Answer: Nephrolithiasis (Kidney stone)
2. Question: A 68-year-old female with a history
of hypertension and type 2 diabetes presents
with sudden onset of painless vision loss in the
right eye. She describes it as a "curtain
coming down" over her vision. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Retinal artery occlusion (Amaurosis
fugax)
3. Question: A 45-year-old male presents with a
painful, swollen left great toe that started
suddenly last night. He denies trauma. He has
a history of hypertension treated with
hydrochlorothiazide. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Answer: Acute gouty arthritis
,4. Question: A 72-year-old male presents with
progressive difficulty urinating, weak stream,
hesitancy, and sensation of incomplete
bladder emptying. Digital rectal exam reveals
an enlarged, smooth, non-tender prostate.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
5. Question: A 35-year-old female presents with
fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance,
constipation, and dry skin. Physical exam
reveals bradycardia, delayed relaxation of
deep tendon reflexes, and non-pitting edema.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Hypothyroidism
6. Question: A 28-year-old female presents with
palpitations, heat intolerance, weight loss
despite increased appetite, insomnia, and fine
tremor. Physical exam reveals tachycardia,
warm moist skin, and a diffusely enlarged
thyroid gland with a bruit. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Answer: Hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease)
7. Question: A 55-year-old male with a 30-pack-
year smoking history presents with a
persistent cough, hemoptysis, and
unintentional weight loss. Chest x-ray reveals
a peripheral lung nodule. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
,Answer: Bronchogenic carcinoma (Lung cancer)
8. Question: A 42-year-old female presents with
episodic headaches associated with
palpitations, diaphoresis, and severe
hypertension. Between episodes, blood
pressure is normal. What is the most likely
diagnosis? Answer: Pheochromocytoma
9. Question: A 65-year-old female presents with
gradual onset of pain and stiffness in her
hands, knees, and hips. Morning stiffness lasts
less than 30 minutes and improves with
activity. Physical exam reveals bony
enlargement of the DIP joints (Heberden's
nodes). What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Osteoarthritis
10. Question: A 48-year-old female presents with
symmetric joint pain and swelling in her hands
and wrists. Morning stiffness lasts more than
one hour. Physical exam reveals swollen,
tender MCP and PIP joints bilaterally.
What is the most likely diagnosis?**
Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis
11. Question: A 60-year-old male presents with
severe headache, jaw pain when chewing, and
blurred vision. ESR is markedly elevated. What
is the most likely diagnosis? Answer:
Temporal arteritis (Giant cell arteritis)
, 12. Question: A 32-year-old female presents with
recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and
skin lesions.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Behçet's disease
Personalized) Actual
Exam Questions Bank- Comprehensive
Review of Differential Diagnosis and Clinical
Presentation
1. Question: A 52-year-old male presents with
acute onset of severe right flank pain radiating
to the groin. He is restless and unable to find a
comfortable position. Vital signs are stable.
Urinalysis reveals hematuria. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Answer: Nephrolithiasis (Kidney stone)
2. Question: A 68-year-old female with a history
of hypertension and type 2 diabetes presents
with sudden onset of painless vision loss in the
right eye. She describes it as a "curtain
coming down" over her vision. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Retinal artery occlusion (Amaurosis
fugax)
3. Question: A 45-year-old male presents with a
painful, swollen left great toe that started
suddenly last night. He denies trauma. He has
a history of hypertension treated with
hydrochlorothiazide. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Answer: Acute gouty arthritis
,4. Question: A 72-year-old male presents with
progressive difficulty urinating, weak stream,
hesitancy, and sensation of incomplete
bladder emptying. Digital rectal exam reveals
an enlarged, smooth, non-tender prostate.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
5. Question: A 35-year-old female presents with
fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance,
constipation, and dry skin. Physical exam
reveals bradycardia, delayed relaxation of
deep tendon reflexes, and non-pitting edema.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Hypothyroidism
6. Question: A 28-year-old female presents with
palpitations, heat intolerance, weight loss
despite increased appetite, insomnia, and fine
tremor. Physical exam reveals tachycardia,
warm moist skin, and a diffusely enlarged
thyroid gland with a bruit. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
Answer: Hyperthyroidism (Graves' disease)
7. Question: A 55-year-old male with a 30-pack-
year smoking history presents with a
persistent cough, hemoptysis, and
unintentional weight loss. Chest x-ray reveals
a peripheral lung nodule. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
,Answer: Bronchogenic carcinoma (Lung cancer)
8. Question: A 42-year-old female presents with
episodic headaches associated with
palpitations, diaphoresis, and severe
hypertension. Between episodes, blood
pressure is normal. What is the most likely
diagnosis? Answer: Pheochromocytoma
9. Question: A 65-year-old female presents with
gradual onset of pain and stiffness in her
hands, knees, and hips. Morning stiffness lasts
less than 30 minutes and improves with
activity. Physical exam reveals bony
enlargement of the DIP joints (Heberden's
nodes). What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Osteoarthritis
10. Question: A 48-year-old female presents with
symmetric joint pain and swelling in her hands
and wrists. Morning stiffness lasts more than
one hour. Physical exam reveals swollen,
tender MCP and PIP joints bilaterally.
What is the most likely diagnosis?**
Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis
11. Question: A 60-year-old male presents with
severe headache, jaw pain when chewing, and
blurred vision. ESR is markedly elevated. What
is the most likely diagnosis? Answer:
Temporal arteritis (Giant cell arteritis)
, 12. Question: A 32-year-old female presents with
recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and
skin lesions.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Behçet's disease
