MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTIC ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
2026
▶ What are the two visualization methods for IHC?? Answer:colorimetric
and fluorescence (alkaline phosphotase, HRP and enzymes)
▶ High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)? Answer:A pumping
unit causes a pressurization of the mobile phase. The sample is solubilized
and injected by syringe and then the mobile phase carries the sample to
the column. the sample is separated into components and is analyzed.
Eluent can later be isolated with evaporation of solvent. Phases can sort by
size, ion strength, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity
▶ Gas Chromatography (GC)? Answer:- Also known as vapor-phase
chromatography (VPC)
- The fluent is a gas (usually helium or nitrogen) instead of a liquid
- The adsorbent is a crushed metal or polymer inside a 30 foot column.
- The gaseous compounds travel through the column at different rates
because they adhere to the adsorbent in the column to different degrees
and will separate in space by the time they reach the end of the column.
- The injected compound must be volatile: low melting point, subsumable
solids or vaporizable liquids.
- It is common to separate molecules using GC and then to inject the pure
molecules into a masss spectrometer (run through a magnetic field, which
separates them by mass to charge ratio) for molecular weight
determination.
▶ mass spectrometry? Answer:technique based of the detection of
vaporized molecules and their ionized (charged) fragments; detection and
display of the spectra are based on the mass-to-mass charge ratios of the
ions; method is specific for qualitative analysis and useful for quantitative
analysis
▶ What two types of mass spec are used for biochemical molecules like
proteins?? Answer:ESI and MALDI
QUESTIONS AND COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
2026
▶ What are the two visualization methods for IHC?? Answer:colorimetric
and fluorescence (alkaline phosphotase, HRP and enzymes)
▶ High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)? Answer:A pumping
unit causes a pressurization of the mobile phase. The sample is solubilized
and injected by syringe and then the mobile phase carries the sample to
the column. the sample is separated into components and is analyzed.
Eluent can later be isolated with evaporation of solvent. Phases can sort by
size, ion strength, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity
▶ Gas Chromatography (GC)? Answer:- Also known as vapor-phase
chromatography (VPC)
- The fluent is a gas (usually helium or nitrogen) instead of a liquid
- The adsorbent is a crushed metal or polymer inside a 30 foot column.
- The gaseous compounds travel through the column at different rates
because they adhere to the adsorbent in the column to different degrees
and will separate in space by the time they reach the end of the column.
- The injected compound must be volatile: low melting point, subsumable
solids or vaporizable liquids.
- It is common to separate molecules using GC and then to inject the pure
molecules into a masss spectrometer (run through a magnetic field, which
separates them by mass to charge ratio) for molecular weight
determination.
▶ mass spectrometry? Answer:technique based of the detection of
vaporized molecules and their ionized (charged) fragments; detection and
display of the spectra are based on the mass-to-mass charge ratios of the
ions; method is specific for qualitative analysis and useful for quantitative
analysis
▶ What two types of mass spec are used for biochemical molecules like
proteins?? Answer:ESI and MALDI
