SPH 200 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026

SPH 200 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WELL ANSWERED LATEST UPDATE 2026 public health - Answers the practice of protecting and improving the health of people in a community APAE - Answers assessment, planning, action, and evaluation 12 great public health achievements - Answers acting on social determinants of health, control of infectious disease, decline in dealths from heart disease and strokes, family planning, healthier environments, motor vehicle safety, recognition of tobacco as a health hazard, safer and heathier foods, safer workpleaces , universal polices, vaccination, healthy mothers and babies public health vs healthcare - Answers individual patients vs community population sciences of public health - Answers biostastistics, epidemiology, health policy and managment, health promotion, environmental health Determinants of health - Answers Factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. Determinants of health help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than others. risk - Answers Degree of uncertainty of return on an asset; in business, the likelihood of loss or reduced profit. hazard - Answers A danger or risk. exposure - Answers to come in contact Hippocratic Corpus - Answers a collection of around 60 early Ancient Greek medical works strongly associated with the physician Hippocrates and his teachings separated religion and medicine miasma - Answers a noxious or poisonous atmosphere bubonic plague - Answers disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas. John Snow - Answers father of modern epidemiology, he was critical of the miasma theory. He investigated the cholera outbreaks aqueducts - Answers these and sewers were ways to move fresh water from a source to a population and then move human waste away WASH - Answers imporving sanitation and hygiene facilities smallpox and jenner - Answers smallpox is highly contagious, cause by variola virus. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets. Jenner was first vaccine to prevent jenners experiments - Answers took puss from a cowpox pustule on the hand of a milkmaid, it was injected into the arm of a boy and some soreness resulted. he then gave the kid some smallpox and he was fine variolate - Answers another form of vaccination when was public health first recognized in Canada - Answers 1947 it was recognized by the Royal College of physicians and surgeons of canada The ottawa charter for health promotion - Answers health promotion, peace and shelter and education are needed for health Prevalence - Answers The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time. disease cluster - Answers disease present at an excess rate with a p-value of less than 0.025 p-value - Answers The probability level which forms basis for deciding if results are statistically significant (not due to chance). log data - Answers Records of events or actions captured by various systems. Norovirus - Answers a contagious gastrointestinal illness WHO health definition - Answers state of complete physical, mental, and social being. They later revised this definition in 1978 to be a level of health that permits people to lead socially and economically productive lives The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) - Answers A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury. First time in US history that a behaviour was reported instead of an illness - Answers smoking (1996) risk factor - Answers anything that increases the likelihood of injury, disease, or other health problems types of risk factors - Answers biological, environmental, lifestyle, psychosocial epidemiology - Answers Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people. determinant - Answers Any attribute in a specific row whose value directly determines other values in that row. intervention studies - Answers studies of populations in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members cohort studies - Answers record exposures throughout time and then assess the rate of a certain outcome relative risk - Answers The IR of a disease in a population exposed to a particular factor ÷ the IR of those not exposed case control studies - Answers compare case subjects to control subjects odds ratio - Answers The likelihood of a disease among individuals exposed to a risk factor compared to those who have not been exposed sources of error - Answers sample size, confounding variables, bias (selection and reporting) cause and effect - Answers The reason something happens and the result of it happening. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) - Answers Stressful or traumatic experiences, including abuse, neglect, and a range of household dysfunction, such as witnessing domestic violence or growing up with substance abuse, mental disorders, parental discord, or crime in the home. social determinants of health - Answers The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels major social determinants of health for inuit communities - Answers food security and quality of early childhood development Canada Health Act - Answers Canada's federal legislation for publicly funded health care insurance, requires provinces to provide all medically necessary services on a universal basis genetic endowment - Answers inherited physical characteristics that can affect physical performance health policy - Answers Refers to public policy that pertains to or influences the pursuit of health. policy - Answers a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual. public policy - Answers A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. A policy is a course of action taken with regard to some problem. health policy - Answers decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society Analyzing health policy - Answers economic lens, public health lens, and health care lens economic lens - Answers allocation of scarce resources for health public health lens - Answers influence determinants of health to improve population health health care lens - Answers health services for individuals why is health policy important? - Answers -poverty and education impacted by policy Actor - Answers influence or make policy factors that affect policy - Answers situational, structural, cultural, and exogenous factors situational factors - Answers transcient conditions or events that can influence policy --wars, disasters, outbreaks structural factors - Answers unchanging elements of society--political system, demographic features cultural factors - Answers gender imbalances, ethnic division and inequality exogenous factors - Answers outside pressures-- international relationships, nationalism vs globalism, cooperation policy agenda - Answers The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people actively involved in politics at the time. climate change - Answers Change in the statistical properties of the climate system when considered over periods of decades How is the climate changing? - Answers • Not just temperature increases • Circulation patterns are changing; e.g., Hadley cells get stronger and therefore larger, causing desert belts shifting poleward beyond 30 degrees • Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent (e.g., hurricanes, droughts, floods, fires) • Local climate changes are affecting organisms Paris Climate Accord - Answers An agreement within the United Nations to deal with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance starting in the year 2020