HTH 231 MIDTERM EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are host factors? - Answer- Age, sex, immune status, genetics, susceptibility
What are agent factors? - Answer- Virulence, toxicity, communicability, cigarette,
parasite, motorcycle
What are environmental factors? - Answer- air, water, biting insects, roads, weather
What is a limitation of both pre-scientific and classic models? - Answer- They center
health on individual characteristics rather than population-level factors.
What shifted in the alternative/social view of health? - Answer- The focus moved from
individual risk factors to social and contextual determinants
What is the number 1 major underlying determinant of health? - Answer- Income
What are the 12 major underlying determinants of population health? - Answer- Income,
social support, education, employment, social environment, physical environment,
health practices, child development, genetics, health services, gender, culture
What is health inequality? - Answer- Differences in health outcomes between individuals
or groups
What is health inequity? - Answer- Unfair or unjust health differences rooted in social
injustice
What is the definition of determinants of health? - Answer- Conditions where people are
born, live, work, play, worship, and age that affect health outcomes and risks
What is education's impact on health? - Answer- Higher education equals high income
which equals better jobs, insurances access and improved health behaviors
How does economic stability impact health? - Answer- Steady employment reduces
poverty; poverty limits food, housing, and healthcare access
What is the healthcare access statistic? - Answer- About 1 in 10 americans lack health
insuarance; uninsured individuals have less preventive care and worse outcomes
, What are the neighborhood risks in low-income areas? - Answer- violence, unsafe
air/water, environmental hazards, fewer health resources
A healthy cell requires what? - Answer- Balances electrolytes, oxygen, and glucose
What are the behaviors of a healthy person? - Answer- Eat fruits/vegetables, exercise,
use a helmet
What are the characteristics of a healthy population? - Answer- Food safety, good
schools, healthcare systems, environmental protection
What is the nesting model? - Answer- Individuals are nested within communities, which
are nested within society
What are the distal, intermediate, and proximal factors? - Answer- Distal factors are
societal factors (policy/law), intermediate are community factors, and proximal are
individual factors
What are the socio-ecological model levels? - Answer- individual, relationship,
community, and societal
How is condition defined in population health? - Answer- An assessment of the health
status of a population that uses aggregate data on non-medical as well as medical
factors to measure the totality of health and well-being of that population
How is process defined in population health? - Answer- Approach of improving health
status that operates at the population rather than individual (or patient level) and
addresses the root causes of ill health and structural impediments to good health, rather
than exclusively focusing on treating symptoms and conditions of the individual
What is an attribute of population health related to social conditions? - Answer-
Recognition of SDOH (Social Determinants of Health) problems.
In population health, what is the primary focus? - Answer- Focus on the population or
subpopulation rather than the individual.
In population health, are efforts directed at symptoms or root issues? - Answer-
Addressing the problems, not the symptoms.
How is geography viewed in population health? - Answer- Geography is a predictor of
health and health behavior.
At what level is health status defined in population health? - Answer- Health status is
defined at the community level.
CORRECT ANSWERS
What are host factors? - Answer- Age, sex, immune status, genetics, susceptibility
What are agent factors? - Answer- Virulence, toxicity, communicability, cigarette,
parasite, motorcycle
What are environmental factors? - Answer- air, water, biting insects, roads, weather
What is a limitation of both pre-scientific and classic models? - Answer- They center
health on individual characteristics rather than population-level factors.
What shifted in the alternative/social view of health? - Answer- The focus moved from
individual risk factors to social and contextual determinants
What is the number 1 major underlying determinant of health? - Answer- Income
What are the 12 major underlying determinants of population health? - Answer- Income,
social support, education, employment, social environment, physical environment,
health practices, child development, genetics, health services, gender, culture
What is health inequality? - Answer- Differences in health outcomes between individuals
or groups
What is health inequity? - Answer- Unfair or unjust health differences rooted in social
injustice
What is the definition of determinants of health? - Answer- Conditions where people are
born, live, work, play, worship, and age that affect health outcomes and risks
What is education's impact on health? - Answer- Higher education equals high income
which equals better jobs, insurances access and improved health behaviors
How does economic stability impact health? - Answer- Steady employment reduces
poverty; poverty limits food, housing, and healthcare access
What is the healthcare access statistic? - Answer- About 1 in 10 americans lack health
insuarance; uninsured individuals have less preventive care and worse outcomes
, What are the neighborhood risks in low-income areas? - Answer- violence, unsafe
air/water, environmental hazards, fewer health resources
A healthy cell requires what? - Answer- Balances electrolytes, oxygen, and glucose
What are the behaviors of a healthy person? - Answer- Eat fruits/vegetables, exercise,
use a helmet
What are the characteristics of a healthy population? - Answer- Food safety, good
schools, healthcare systems, environmental protection
What is the nesting model? - Answer- Individuals are nested within communities, which
are nested within society
What are the distal, intermediate, and proximal factors? - Answer- Distal factors are
societal factors (policy/law), intermediate are community factors, and proximal are
individual factors
What are the socio-ecological model levels? - Answer- individual, relationship,
community, and societal
How is condition defined in population health? - Answer- An assessment of the health
status of a population that uses aggregate data on non-medical as well as medical
factors to measure the totality of health and well-being of that population
How is process defined in population health? - Answer- Approach of improving health
status that operates at the population rather than individual (or patient level) and
addresses the root causes of ill health and structural impediments to good health, rather
than exclusively focusing on treating symptoms and conditions of the individual
What is an attribute of population health related to social conditions? - Answer-
Recognition of SDOH (Social Determinants of Health) problems.
In population health, what is the primary focus? - Answer- Focus on the population or
subpopulation rather than the individual.
In population health, are efforts directed at symptoms or root issues? - Answer-
Addressing the problems, not the symptoms.
How is geography viewed in population health? - Answer- Geography is a predictor of
health and health behavior.
At what level is health status defined in population health? - Answer- Health status is
defined at the community level.
