NUR 242 Exam 2 Galen Med- n n n n n
Surg Concepts Questions and Ansẉers with
n n n n n
Expert-
Verified Explanation 2026\2027 update
n n n
This Exam contains:
n n
Guarantee passing score n n
Questions and Ansẉersn n
format set of multiple-choice
n n n
Expert-Verified Explanation n
, Verified ẉith trusted textbooks
n n n
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1.nAnnursenisnprovidingnpreoperativenteachingntonanclientnschedulednfornsurgery.nW
hichnstatementnbynthenclientnindicatesnancorrectnunderstandingnofnwhyntheynmustnr
emainnNPOnbeforensurgery?
A.n"Inneedntonkeepnmynstomachnemptyntonpreventnnauseanafternsurgery."
B.n"Havingnannemptynstomachnreducesnthenrisknofnaspirationnduringnanesthesia."
C.n"NPOnstatusnpreventsnmenfromngainingnweightnfromnthenIVnfluids."
D.n"Incannotneatnbecausenthensurgeonnneedsnannemptynbowelnfornthenprocedure."
Correct Answer: B
n n
Expert Explanation: The primary reason for NPO (nothing by mouth) status bef
n n n n n n n n n n n
orensurgerynisntonreducenthenrisknofnaspirationnofngastricncontentsnintonthenlungsnd
uringninductionnofnanesthesianandnextubation.nAspirationncanncausenseverenpneu
monitisn(Mendelson'snsyndrome),nairwaynobstruction,nandndeath.nWhilenpreventin
gnnauseanisnansecondarynbenefit,nthenmainnpurposenisnsafety.nWeightngainnfromnIVnf
luidsnisnnotnanconcern.nEmptynbowelnisnonlynrequirednforncertainnGInsurgeries,nnotna
llnprocedures.nThennursenshouldnreinforcenthatnthenclientnmustnfollownNPOninstruct
ionsnexactlyn(typicallynnonfoodnforn6–
8nhours,nclearnliquidsnupnton2nhoursnbeforensurgery)nandnreportnanynviolation.
2.nAnclientnisnreceivingnmoderatensedationn(consciousnsedation)nfornancolonoscopy.
nWhichnassessment nfindingnisnmost nimportant nfornthennursentonmonitor?
A.nLevelnofnconsciousness
B.nCapillarynrefill
C.nBowelnsounds
D.nUrinenoutput
Correct Answer: A
n n
Expert Explanation: During moderate sedation, the client should remain respo
n n n n n n n n n
nsiventonverbalnandntactilenstimulationnandnmaintainnanpatentnairwaynindependentl
y.nThenmostnimportantnmonitoringnparametersnarenlevelnofnconsciousness,nrespira
torynrate,noxygennsaturation,nandnbloodnpressure.nCapillarynrefill,nbowelnsounds,na
ndnurinenoutputnarennotnprioritiesnduringnthisnshortnprocedure.nThennursenshouldna
,ssessnsedationnlevelnusingnanstandardizednscalen(e.g.,nRamsaynSedationnScale),nens
urensupplementalnoxygennisnadministered,nandnhavenreversalnagentsn(flumazenilnf
ornbenzodiazepines,nnaloxonenfornopioids)navailable.nOver-
sedationncannleadntonairwaynobstruction,nhypoventilation,nandnaspiration.
3.nAnclientnisntransferredntonthenpost-
anesthesiancarenunitn(PACU)nafternsurgery.nWhichnassessmentnshouldnthennursenpe
rformnfirst?
A.nPainnlevel
B.nSurgicalnincisionnsite
C.nAirwaynandnbreathing
D.nFluidnintakenandnoutput
Correct Answer: C
n n
Expert Explanation: The priority assessment in the PACU is airway, breathing,
n n n n n n n n n n n
andncirculationn(ABC).nAnesthesianandnopioidsncanncausenairwaynobstructionn(from
ntonguenrelaxation,nlaryngospasm),nhypoventilation,nandnhypotension.nThennursen
shouldnensurenthenairwaynisnpatent,nassessnrespiratorynratenandndepth,nauscultaten
breathnsounds,nandnmonitornoxygennsaturation.nPainnassessment,nincisionncheck,n
andnI/Onarenimportantnbutnsecondaryntonairwaynandnbreathing.nThennursenshouldna
lsonassessnlevelnofnconsciousness,nvitalnsigns,nandnsurgicalnsitenfornbleeding.nIfnthe
nclient nisnnot nfullynawake,npositionnthemnonntheirnsiden(recoverynposition)ntonpreven
tnaspiration.
4.nAnclientnwhonhadnabdominalnsurgeryn6nhoursnagonreportsnpainnofn8/10.nThennur
senadministersnIVnmorphinenasnordered.nWhatnisnthenprioritynreassessmentnafternad
ministration?
A.nRespiratorynratenandndepth
B.nPainnlevel
C.nSedationnlevel
D.nBloodnpressure
Correct Answer: A
n n
Expert Explanation: IV morphine (opioid) can cause respiratory depression as
n n n n n n n n n n
anseriousnadverseneffect.nThennursenmustnreassessnrespiratorynrate,ndepth,nandnpat
ternnwithinn5–
15nminutesnafternIVnadministration.nAnrespiratorynraten<10nbreaths/minnornshallo
wnbreathingnrequiresninterventionn(stimulation,nnaloxone).nPainnlevelnandnsedatio
nnlevelnarenalsonimportantnbutnnotnthenpriority.nBloodnpressurenmayndecreasen(hyp
, otension)nbutnisnlessnimmediatelynlife-
threateningnthannrespiratoryndepression.nThennursenshouldnalsonmonitornfornnaus
ea,nvomiting,nandnpruritus.nOpioid-
naïvenclients,noldernadults,nandnthosenwithnsleepnapneanarenatnhighernrisknfornrespir
atoryndepression.
5.nAnclientnisn2ndaysnpost-
operativenfromnanbowelnresection.nThennursennotesnthatnthensurgicalnincisionnisnred
,nwarmntonthentouch,nandnhasnpurulentndrainage.nWhatnisnthennurse'snprioritynactio
n?
A.nApplynansterilendressingnandndocumentnfindings
B.nNotifynthenhealthcarenprovidernimmediately
C.nObtainnanwoundnculture
D.nIrrigatenthenwoundnwithnnormalnsaline
Correct Answer: B
n n
Expert Explanation: Redness, warmth, and purulent drainage indicate a surgic
n n n n n n n n n
alnsiteninfectionn(SSI).nThennursenmustnnotifynthenhealthcarenprovidernimmediatelynf
ornevaluationnandnantibioticnorders.nThenprovidernwillnordernanwoundnculturenbefor
enstartingnantibiotics.nApplyingnansterilendressingnisnappropriatenafternnotifyingnth
enprovider.nIrrigationnmaynbenorderednbutnisnnotnthenpriority.nThennursenshouldnals
onassessnfornsystemicnsignsnofninfectionn(fever,nchills,nelevatednWBCncount)nandnim
plementnwoundnprecautionsn(contactnisolationnifnMRSAnsuspected).nSSIsnincreasenh
ospitalnstay,nmorbidity,nandnmortality.
6.nAnclientnwithnHIVnhasnanCD4+nT-
cellncountnofn180ncells/mm³.nWhichncomplicationnisnthenclientnatnhighestnrisknfor?
A.nKaposi'snsarcoma
B.nOpportunisticninfections
C.nNon-Hodgkinnlymphoma
D.nWastingnsyndrome
Correct Answer: B
n n
Expert Explanation: A CD4+ count <200 cells/mm³ defines AIDS (acquired im
n n n n n n n n n n
munodeficiencynsyndrome)nandnindicatesnseverenimmunosuppression.nThenclientn
isnatnhighestnrisknfornopportunisticninfectionsn(OIs)nsuchnasnPneumocystisnjiroveciin
pneumonian(PJP),ntoxoplasmosis,ncryptococcalnmeningitis,ndisseminatednMycobac
teriumnaviumncomplexn(MAC),nandncytomegalovirusn(CMV).nKaposi'snsarcoma,nnon
-Hodgkinnlymphoma,nandnwastingnsyndromenarenalsonAIDS-
Surg Concepts Questions and Ansẉers with
n n n n n
Expert-
Verified Explanation 2026\2027 update
n n n
This Exam contains:
n n
Guarantee passing score n n
Questions and Ansẉersn n
format set of multiple-choice
n n n
Expert-Verified Explanation n
, Verified ẉith trusted textbooks
n n n
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─
1.nAnnursenisnprovidingnpreoperativenteachingntonanclientnschedulednfornsurgery.nW
hichnstatementnbynthenclientnindicatesnancorrectnunderstandingnofnwhyntheynmustnr
emainnNPOnbeforensurgery?
A.n"Inneedntonkeepnmynstomachnemptyntonpreventnnauseanafternsurgery."
B.n"Havingnannemptynstomachnreducesnthenrisknofnaspirationnduringnanesthesia."
C.n"NPOnstatusnpreventsnmenfromngainingnweightnfromnthenIVnfluids."
D.n"Incannotneatnbecausenthensurgeonnneedsnannemptynbowelnfornthenprocedure."
Correct Answer: B
n n
Expert Explanation: The primary reason for NPO (nothing by mouth) status bef
n n n n n n n n n n n
orensurgerynisntonreducenthenrisknofnaspirationnofngastricncontentsnintonthenlungsnd
uringninductionnofnanesthesianandnextubation.nAspirationncanncausenseverenpneu
monitisn(Mendelson'snsyndrome),nairwaynobstruction,nandndeath.nWhilenpreventin
gnnauseanisnansecondarynbenefit,nthenmainnpurposenisnsafety.nWeightngainnfromnIVnf
luidsnisnnotnanconcern.nEmptynbowelnisnonlynrequirednforncertainnGInsurgeries,nnotna
llnprocedures.nThennursenshouldnreinforcenthatnthenclientnmustnfollownNPOninstruct
ionsnexactlyn(typicallynnonfoodnforn6–
8nhours,nclearnliquidsnupnton2nhoursnbeforensurgery)nandnreportnanynviolation.
2.nAnclientnisnreceivingnmoderatensedationn(consciousnsedation)nfornancolonoscopy.
nWhichnassessment nfindingnisnmost nimportant nfornthennursentonmonitor?
A.nLevelnofnconsciousness
B.nCapillarynrefill
C.nBowelnsounds
D.nUrinenoutput
Correct Answer: A
n n
Expert Explanation: During moderate sedation, the client should remain respo
n n n n n n n n n
nsiventonverbalnandntactilenstimulationnandnmaintainnanpatentnairwaynindependentl
y.nThenmostnimportantnmonitoringnparametersnarenlevelnofnconsciousness,nrespira
torynrate,noxygennsaturation,nandnbloodnpressure.nCapillarynrefill,nbowelnsounds,na
ndnurinenoutputnarennotnprioritiesnduringnthisnshortnprocedure.nThennursenshouldna
,ssessnsedationnlevelnusingnanstandardizednscalen(e.g.,nRamsaynSedationnScale),nens
urensupplementalnoxygennisnadministered,nandnhavenreversalnagentsn(flumazenilnf
ornbenzodiazepines,nnaloxonenfornopioids)navailable.nOver-
sedationncannleadntonairwaynobstruction,nhypoventilation,nandnaspiration.
3.nAnclientnisntransferredntonthenpost-
anesthesiancarenunitn(PACU)nafternsurgery.nWhichnassessmentnshouldnthennursenpe
rformnfirst?
A.nPainnlevel
B.nSurgicalnincisionnsite
C.nAirwaynandnbreathing
D.nFluidnintakenandnoutput
Correct Answer: C
n n
Expert Explanation: The priority assessment in the PACU is airway, breathing,
n n n n n n n n n n n
andncirculationn(ABC).nAnesthesianandnopioidsncanncausenairwaynobstructionn(from
ntonguenrelaxation,nlaryngospasm),nhypoventilation,nandnhypotension.nThennursen
shouldnensurenthenairwaynisnpatent,nassessnrespiratorynratenandndepth,nauscultaten
breathnsounds,nandnmonitornoxygennsaturation.nPainnassessment,nincisionncheck,n
andnI/Onarenimportantnbutnsecondaryntonairwaynandnbreathing.nThennursenshouldna
lsonassessnlevelnofnconsciousness,nvitalnsigns,nandnsurgicalnsitenfornbleeding.nIfnthe
nclient nisnnot nfullynawake,npositionnthemnonntheirnsiden(recoverynposition)ntonpreven
tnaspiration.
4.nAnclientnwhonhadnabdominalnsurgeryn6nhoursnagonreportsnpainnofn8/10.nThennur
senadministersnIVnmorphinenasnordered.nWhatnisnthenprioritynreassessmentnafternad
ministration?
A.nRespiratorynratenandndepth
B.nPainnlevel
C.nSedationnlevel
D.nBloodnpressure
Correct Answer: A
n n
Expert Explanation: IV morphine (opioid) can cause respiratory depression as
n n n n n n n n n n
anseriousnadverseneffect.nThennursenmustnreassessnrespiratorynrate,ndepth,nandnpat
ternnwithinn5–
15nminutesnafternIVnadministration.nAnrespiratorynraten<10nbreaths/minnornshallo
wnbreathingnrequiresninterventionn(stimulation,nnaloxone).nPainnlevelnandnsedatio
nnlevelnarenalsonimportantnbutnnotnthenpriority.nBloodnpressurenmayndecreasen(hyp
, otension)nbutnisnlessnimmediatelynlife-
threateningnthannrespiratoryndepression.nThennursenshouldnalsonmonitornfornnaus
ea,nvomiting,nandnpruritus.nOpioid-
naïvenclients,noldernadults,nandnthosenwithnsleepnapneanarenatnhighernrisknfornrespir
atoryndepression.
5.nAnclientnisn2ndaysnpost-
operativenfromnanbowelnresection.nThennursennotesnthatnthensurgicalnincisionnisnred
,nwarmntonthentouch,nandnhasnpurulentndrainage.nWhatnisnthennurse'snprioritynactio
n?
A.nApplynansterilendressingnandndocumentnfindings
B.nNotifynthenhealthcarenprovidernimmediately
C.nObtainnanwoundnculture
D.nIrrigatenthenwoundnwithnnormalnsaline
Correct Answer: B
n n
Expert Explanation: Redness, warmth, and purulent drainage indicate a surgic
n n n n n n n n n
alnsiteninfectionn(SSI).nThennursenmustnnotifynthenhealthcarenprovidernimmediatelynf
ornevaluationnandnantibioticnorders.nThenprovidernwillnordernanwoundnculturenbefor
enstartingnantibiotics.nApplyingnansterilendressingnisnappropriatenafternnotifyingnth
enprovider.nIrrigationnmaynbenorderednbutnisnnotnthenpriority.nThennursenshouldnals
onassessnfornsystemicnsignsnofninfectionn(fever,nchills,nelevatednWBCncount)nandnim
plementnwoundnprecautionsn(contactnisolationnifnMRSAnsuspected).nSSIsnincreasenh
ospitalnstay,nmorbidity,nandnmortality.
6.nAnclientnwithnHIVnhasnanCD4+nT-
cellncountnofn180ncells/mm³.nWhichncomplicationnisnthenclientnatnhighestnrisknfor?
A.nKaposi'snsarcoma
B.nOpportunisticninfections
C.nNon-Hodgkinnlymphoma
D.nWastingnsyndrome
Correct Answer: B
n n
Expert Explanation: A CD4+ count <200 cells/mm³ defines AIDS (acquired im
n n n n n n n n n n
munodeficiencynsyndrome)nandnindicatesnseverenimmunosuppression.nThenclientn
isnatnhighestnrisknfornopportunisticninfectionsn(OIs)nsuchnasnPneumocystisnjiroveciin
pneumonian(PJP),ntoxoplasmosis,ncryptococcalnmeningitis,ndisseminatednMycobac
teriumnaviumncomplexn(MAC),nandncytomegalovirusn(CMV).nKaposi'snsarcoma,nnon
-Hodgkinnlymphoma,nandnwastingnsyndromenarenalsonAIDS-
