Test Bank For
by
Ellen Cohn
Criminal Justice
AN INTRODUCTION
Fourteenth Edition
Frank Schmalleger
Criminal Justice: An Introduction, 14e (Schmalleger)
Chapter 1 What Is Criminal Justice?
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following was associated with the Prohibition years of the early twentieth
century?
A) An increase in street crime
,B) A rise in terrorist incidents
C) A wave of organized criminal activity
D) An increased emphasis on individual rights
Answer: C
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic
2) As society became more focused on individual rights in the 1960s and 1970s, what
happened to crime in the United States?
A) Reported crime decreased dramatically.
B) Reported crime increased dramatically.
C) Reported crime remained stable.
D) Unreported crime increased dramatically.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic
3) In the 1990s, the perception that crime rates were increasing and that offenders were not
being punished resulted in an increased focus on ________.
A) social justice
B) individual accountability
C) due process
D) the consensus model
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Intermediate
,4) Which of the following would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights?
A) Crime-control advocates
B) States'-rights advocates
C) Public-order advocates
D) Individual-rights advocates
Answer: D
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Level: Difficult
5) A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to
public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is a(n)
________.
A) due-process advocate
B) individual-rights advocate
C) civil justice advocate
D) public-order advocate
Answer: D
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Level: Difficult
6) ________ is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and is linked to fundamental
notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
A) Public order advocacy
B) Vigilante justice
C) Social justice
D) Civil justice
Answer: C
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and
fairness.
Level: Basic
7) Criminal justice is truth in action within the process of ________.
A) administration of justice
B) civil justice
C) social justice
D) civil rights
Answer: A
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and
fairness.
Level: Intermediate
8) Which model assumes that the components of the criminal justice system work together
, harmoniously to achieve justice?
A) The consensus model
B) The crime-control model
C) The due-process model
D) The conflict model
Answer: A
Page Ref: 11
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and the consensus and conflict models.
Level: Basic
9) The idea of a criminal justice nonsystem, in which different criminal justice agencies are
more self-serving and focus more on performance measures than on justice, is the basis of the
________.
A) due-process model
B) consensus model
C) crime-control model
D) conflict model
Answer: D
Page Ref: 12
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and the consensus and conflict models.
Level: Basic
10) A(n) ________ issued by a judge provides the legal basis for the police to apprehend a
suspect.
A) warrant
B) indictment
C) arraignment
D) hearing
Answer: A
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of
criminal case processing.
Level: Basic
11) During which stage in the criminal justice process are suspects photographed and
fingerprinted?
A) Arraignment
B) Booking
C) Preliminary hearing
D) Indictment
Answer: B
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of
criminal case processing.
Level: Basic
12) During the ________, the judge may provide an opportunity for bail.
A) adjudication
by
Ellen Cohn
Criminal Justice
AN INTRODUCTION
Fourteenth Edition
Frank Schmalleger
Criminal Justice: An Introduction, 14e (Schmalleger)
Chapter 1 What Is Criminal Justice?
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following was associated with the Prohibition years of the early twentieth
century?
A) An increase in street crime
,B) A rise in terrorist incidents
C) A wave of organized criminal activity
D) An increased emphasis on individual rights
Answer: C
Page Ref: 4
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic
2) As society became more focused on individual rights in the 1960s and 1970s, what
happened to crime in the United States?
A) Reported crime decreased dramatically.
B) Reported crime increased dramatically.
C) Reported crime remained stable.
D) Unreported crime increased dramatically.
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Basic
3) In the 1990s, the perception that crime rates were increasing and that offenders were not
being punished resulted in an increased focus on ________.
A) social justice
B) individual accountability
C) due process
D) the consensus model
Answer: B
Page Ref: 5
Objective: Summarize the history of crime in America and corresponding changes in the
American criminal justice system.
Level: Intermediate
,4) Which of the following would support the protection of personal freedoms and civil rights?
A) Crime-control advocates
B) States'-rights advocates
C) Public-order advocates
D) Individual-rights advocates
Answer: D
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Level: Difficult
5) A person who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to
public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights is a(n)
________.
A) due-process advocate
B) individual-rights advocate
C) civil justice advocate
D) public-order advocate
Answer: D
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Describe the public-order (crime-control) and individual-rights (due-process)
perspectives of criminal justice, concluding with how the criminal justice system balances the
two perspectives.
Level: Difficult
6) ________ is an ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and is linked to fundamental
notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
A) Public order advocacy
B) Vigilante justice
C) Social justice
D) Civil justice
Answer: C
Page Ref: 9
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and
fairness.
Level: Basic
7) Criminal justice is truth in action within the process of ________.
A) administration of justice
B) civil justice
C) social justice
D) civil rights
Answer: A
Page Ref: 10
Objective: Explain the relationship of criminal justice to general concepts of equity and
fairness.
Level: Intermediate
8) Which model assumes that the components of the criminal justice system work together
, harmoniously to achieve justice?
A) The consensus model
B) The crime-control model
C) The due-process model
D) The conflict model
Answer: A
Page Ref: 11
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and the consensus and conflict models.
Level: Basic
9) The idea of a criminal justice nonsystem, in which different criminal justice agencies are
more self-serving and focus more on performance measures than on justice, is the basis of the
________.
A) due-process model
B) consensus model
C) crime-control model
D) conflict model
Answer: D
Page Ref: 12
Objective: Describe the American criminal justice system in terms of its three major
components and the consensus and conflict models.
Level: Basic
10) A(n) ________ issued by a judge provides the legal basis for the police to apprehend a
suspect.
A) warrant
B) indictment
C) arraignment
D) hearing
Answer: A
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of
criminal case processing.
Level: Basic
11) During which stage in the criminal justice process are suspects photographed and
fingerprinted?
A) Arraignment
B) Booking
C) Preliminary hearing
D) Indictment
Answer: B
Page Ref: 14
Objective: Describe the process of American criminal justice, including the stages of
criminal case processing.
Level: Basic
12) During the ________, the judge may provide an opportunity for bail.
A) adjudication
