C HAPTER 30: E NDOCRINE A NATOMY AND
P HYSIOLOGY
Urden: Critical Care Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A patient is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). During rounds the
dietitian states “the patient is getting too much glucose.” In which one
area is excess glucose stored as gl ycogen?
a. Pancreas
b. Hepatic cells
c. Gallbladder
d. Stomach
ANS: B
Excess glucose in the form of gl ycogen is stored in the hepatic and
muscle cells for use as fu el at a later time.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 706 |
p. 707 | Box 30-1 OBJ: Nursing Process Step: N/A TOP:
Endocrine MSC: NC LEX: Physiologic Integrit y
2. Glucagon release is stimulated by which physiologic factor?
a. Increases in ci rculating insulin that is secreted
b. Decreases in blood amino acids
, c. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
d. High blood glucose levels
ANS: C
Glucagon release from the pancreas is stimulated by low blood glucose
levels, starvation, exercise, or stimul ation of the sympathetic nervous
s ystem.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 708
OBJ: Nursing Process Step: N/A TOP: Endocrine
MSC: NC LEX: Physiologic Integrit y
3. The patient has been admitted from a skilled nursing facilit y with urinary
sepsis and has severe muscle wasting. What is the process by which fat
and protein are converted to glucose for fuel?
a. Gl ycogenol ysis
b. Gluconeogenesis
c. Digestion
d. Biotransformation
ANS: B
For long-term energy needs, glucagon stimulates glucose release
through the more complex process of gluconeogenesis. In
gluconeogenesis, fat and protein nutrients are rapidl y broken down into
end products that are then changed into glucose.
, PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p.
707 | p. 708 | Box 30 -1 OBJ: Nursing Process Step: N/A
TOP: Endocrine MSC: NC LEX: Physiologic Integrit y
4. Which part of the brain controls the release of hormones in pituitary
gland?
a. Cerebellum
b. Occipital lobe
c. Temporal lobe
d. Hypothalamus
ANS: D
The pituitary gland communicates with th e hypothalamus by means of a
vascular network.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 710
OBJ: Nursing Process Step: N/A TOP: Endocrine
MSC: NC LEX: Physiologic Integrit y
5. A patient has been admitted with a brain tumor and starts to exhibit signs
of an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What should the nurse
anticipate in the sodium levels?
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Rapid increase than decrease
d. Depends on potassium level
ANS: B
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also contributes to control of the sod ium
level in the extracellular fluid by control of plasma osmolalit y. The
P HYSIOLOGY
Urden: Critical Care Nursing, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A patient is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). During rounds the
dietitian states “the patient is getting too much glucose.” In which one
area is excess glucose stored as gl ycogen?
a. Pancreas
b. Hepatic cells
c. Gallbladder
d. Stomach
ANS: B
Excess glucose in the form of gl ycogen is stored in the hepatic and
muscle cells for use as fu el at a later time.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 706 |
p. 707 | Box 30-1 OBJ: Nursing Process Step: N/A TOP:
Endocrine MSC: NC LEX: Physiologic Integrit y
2. Glucagon release is stimulated by which physiologic factor?
a. Increases in ci rculating insulin that is secreted
b. Decreases in blood amino acids
, c. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
d. High blood glucose levels
ANS: C
Glucagon release from the pancreas is stimulated by low blood glucose
levels, starvation, exercise, or stimul ation of the sympathetic nervous
s ystem.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 708
OBJ: Nursing Process Step: N/A TOP: Endocrine
MSC: NC LEX: Physiologic Integrit y
3. The patient has been admitted from a skilled nursing facilit y with urinary
sepsis and has severe muscle wasting. What is the process by which fat
and protein are converted to glucose for fuel?
a. Gl ycogenol ysis
b. Gluconeogenesis
c. Digestion
d. Biotransformation
ANS: B
For long-term energy needs, glucagon stimulates glucose release
through the more complex process of gluconeogenesis. In
gluconeogenesis, fat and protein nutrients are rapidl y broken down into
end products that are then changed into glucose.
, PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p.
707 | p. 708 | Box 30 -1 OBJ: Nursing Process Step: N/A
TOP: Endocrine MSC: NC LEX: Physiologic Integrit y
4. Which part of the brain controls the release of hormones in pituitary
gland?
a. Cerebellum
b. Occipital lobe
c. Temporal lobe
d. Hypothalamus
ANS: D
The pituitary gland communicates with th e hypothalamus by means of a
vascular network.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 710
OBJ: Nursing Process Step: N/A TOP: Endocrine
MSC: NC LEX: Physiologic Integrit y
5. A patient has been admitted with a brain tumor and starts to exhibit signs
of an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What should the nurse
anticipate in the sodium levels?
a. Increase
b. Decrease
c. Rapid increase than decrease
d. Depends on potassium level
ANS: B
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also contributes to control of the sod ium
level in the extracellular fluid by control of plasma osmolalit y. The
