1|Page
BSC 1010 Quiz & Exam 4 2026/2027 || MOST RECENT
EXAM ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL VERIFIED EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM!!!
1. What is an essential amino acid? Which of the amino
acids are essential amino acids? - Answer-a. An amino
acid that must be taken in from the diet
b. Valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, threonine, lysine, and histidine
1. What is the primary structure level of a protein? What
happens to the amino acid chain as the protein is being
formed? - Answer-a. The amino acid chain
b. It twists and folds generating the secondary, tertiary,
and potentially quaternary structures
1. What is the relationship between polypeptides and
proteins? - Answer-a. All amino acid chains are
polypeptides, but it's only the larger ones that are proteins
,2|Page
Describe the process of transcription. - Answer-a.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using information in
DNA; Transcription produces messenger RNA (mRNA); A
primary transcript is the initial RNA transcript from any
gene prior to processing
inititation step one of transcription - Answer-Promoters
signal the transcriptional start point and usually extend
several dozen nucleotide pairs upstream of the start point;
Transcription factors help bind RNA polymerase to initiate
transcription; The completed assembly of transcription
factors and RNA polymerase II bind to a promoter creating
a transcription initiation complex
elongation step 2 of transcription - Answer-i. As RNA
polymerase moves along the DNA, it untwists the double
helix, 10 to 20 bases at a time; Transcription progresses at
a rate of 40 nucleotides per second in eukaryotes;
Nucleotides are added to the 3 prime end of the growing
RNA molecule
termination step 3 of transcription - Answer-i. The
mechanisms of termination are different in bacteria and
eukaryotes; In bacteria, the polymerase stops transcription
at the end of a sequence of DNA called the terminator;
,3|Page
The mRNA can be translated without further modification;
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes the
polyadenylation signal sequence, RNA: AAUAAA; The
RNA transcript is released 10-35 nucleotides past this
polyadenylation sequence; This pre-RNA, primary
transcript is then modified into the final RNA strand
Where does transcription occur? - Answer-in the nucleous
What enzyme transcribes mRNA? - Answer-RNA
polymerase
What are transcription factors? What roles do they play in
transcription? - Answer-a protein that binds a gene's
promoter and regulates transcription; help RNA
ploymerase bind to promotor
1. What is the difference between the template and non-
template strand of DNA? Describe the direction of a
template strand of DNA relative to the mRNA transcript. -
Answer-a. The template strand provides the provides a
template for ordering the sequence of complementary
nucleotides in an RNA transcript, but the non-template
, 4|Page
(coding) strand has the same code as the RNA transcript
(but has T instead of U)
b. The template strand runs antiparallel to the mRNA
strand.
What is a protein? - Answer-a. A protein is a polypeptide
formed from an amino acid chain.
Describe the six different functions of proteins. - Answer-i.
Enzymes - speed up chemical reactions
ii. Storage - store amino acids
iii. Defensive - protect against disease
iv. Transport - transport substances across cell membrane
or around body
v. Structural - support within the cell
vi. Contractile/motor proteins - movement
1. What are proteins composed of? Describe the general
formula of an amino acid. How many different amino acids
are commonly present in proteins? - Answer-a. Proteins
are composed of amino acids.
b. Amino acids consist of a carboxyl group, an amino
group, and an R group arranged around the alpha carbon.
BSC 1010 Quiz & Exam 4 2026/2027 || MOST RECENT
EXAM ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL VERIFIED EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED
SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM!!!
1. What is an essential amino acid? Which of the amino
acids are essential amino acids? - Answer-a. An amino
acid that must be taken in from the diet
b. Valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine,
tryptophan, threonine, lysine, and histidine
1. What is the primary structure level of a protein? What
happens to the amino acid chain as the protein is being
formed? - Answer-a. The amino acid chain
b. It twists and folds generating the secondary, tertiary,
and potentially quaternary structures
1. What is the relationship between polypeptides and
proteins? - Answer-a. All amino acid chains are
polypeptides, but it's only the larger ones that are proteins
,2|Page
Describe the process of transcription. - Answer-a.
Transcription is the synthesis of RNA using information in
DNA; Transcription produces messenger RNA (mRNA); A
primary transcript is the initial RNA transcript from any
gene prior to processing
inititation step one of transcription - Answer-Promoters
signal the transcriptional start point and usually extend
several dozen nucleotide pairs upstream of the start point;
Transcription factors help bind RNA polymerase to initiate
transcription; The completed assembly of transcription
factors and RNA polymerase II bind to a promoter creating
a transcription initiation complex
elongation step 2 of transcription - Answer-i. As RNA
polymerase moves along the DNA, it untwists the double
helix, 10 to 20 bases at a time; Transcription progresses at
a rate of 40 nucleotides per second in eukaryotes;
Nucleotides are added to the 3 prime end of the growing
RNA molecule
termination step 3 of transcription - Answer-i. The
mechanisms of termination are different in bacteria and
eukaryotes; In bacteria, the polymerase stops transcription
at the end of a sequence of DNA called the terminator;
,3|Page
The mRNA can be translated without further modification;
In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes the
polyadenylation signal sequence, RNA: AAUAAA; The
RNA transcript is released 10-35 nucleotides past this
polyadenylation sequence; This pre-RNA, primary
transcript is then modified into the final RNA strand
Where does transcription occur? - Answer-in the nucleous
What enzyme transcribes mRNA? - Answer-RNA
polymerase
What are transcription factors? What roles do they play in
transcription? - Answer-a protein that binds a gene's
promoter and regulates transcription; help RNA
ploymerase bind to promotor
1. What is the difference between the template and non-
template strand of DNA? Describe the direction of a
template strand of DNA relative to the mRNA transcript. -
Answer-a. The template strand provides the provides a
template for ordering the sequence of complementary
nucleotides in an RNA transcript, but the non-template
, 4|Page
(coding) strand has the same code as the RNA transcript
(but has T instead of U)
b. The template strand runs antiparallel to the mRNA
strand.
What is a protein? - Answer-a. A protein is a polypeptide
formed from an amino acid chain.
Describe the six different functions of proteins. - Answer-i.
Enzymes - speed up chemical reactions
ii. Storage - store amino acids
iii. Defensive - protect against disease
iv. Transport - transport substances across cell membrane
or around body
v. Structural - support within the cell
vi. Contractile/motor proteins - movement
1. What are proteins composed of? Describe the general
formula of an amino acid. How many different amino acids
are commonly present in proteins? - Answer-a. Proteins
are composed of amino acids.
b. Amino acids consist of a carboxyl group, an amino
group, and an R group arranged around the alpha carbon.
