4/18/26, 12:45 AM Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care
and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
Cardiac output (CO)
A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute,
calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.
How does the heart work?
Your heart is divided into two pumps, which work together. Blood coming
back from the organs and tissues of your body enters the right side of your
heart, which then pumps it to your lungs. Your lungs remove waste carbon
dioxide from the blood and recharge it with oxygen.
What are some possible reasons cardiac output may decrease? Why would
cardiac output may decrease?
Decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume
Tachycardia
rapid heart beat, more than 100 beats/min
Bradycardia
slow heart beat, less than 60 beats/min
1/41
,4/18/26, 12:45 AM Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
Signs and symptoms of potential overdose with Anticholinergics (
jimsonweed)?
Tachycardi
a
Hyperthermi
a
Hypertensi
on Dilated
pupils
Dry skin and dry mucuous membranes
sedation,aggitation , seizures, coma or
delirium Decreased bowel sounds
2/41
,4/18/26, 12:45 AM Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
Signs and symptoms of overdose with Cholinergics (nerve gas)?
Airway compromise
Salivation and sweating
Lacrimation
Urination
Defication, drooling or
diahrea Gastrci upset and
cramps Emesis
Muscle twitching
Myosis-pinpoint pupils
Potential pre-hospital treatment for poisoning?
Activated charcoal
What does treatment of a potential overdose include?
Treatment:
Focuses on support
Assess patient frequently abcs- every 5 mins
Use activated charcoal- BUT NOT FOR acidic poisons, cyanide, alcohol
Anaphylactic shock
A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction
Route of allergen in an anaphylatic reaction?
Ingestion, injection and envenomation.
3/41
, 4/18/26, 12:45 AM Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
What is the most common allergen?
Food
Categories of allergens?
Common allergens:
Food (MOST
COMMON)
Medications
Bee stings-envenomation
Plants
Chemicals
Treatment for anyphalaxsis?
Help assist giving an epi-pen to the patient. Make sure epi pen is NOT expired,
functioning and for the patient.
What are the contraindications for giving an Epipen in an anyphalactic
situation?
Administering the epipen in a non life-threatening situation
What are the indications for administering an EPIPEN?
Indications: severe allergic reaction causing airway breathing or circulatory
compromise.
4/41
Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care
and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
Cardiac output (CO)
A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute,
calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.
How does the heart work?
Your heart is divided into two pumps, which work together. Blood coming
back from the organs and tissues of your body enters the right side of your
heart, which then pumps it to your lungs. Your lungs remove waste carbon
dioxide from the blood and recharge it with oxygen.
What are some possible reasons cardiac output may decrease? Why would
cardiac output may decrease?
Decreased heart rate and decreased stroke volume
Tachycardia
rapid heart beat, more than 100 beats/min
Bradycardia
slow heart beat, less than 60 beats/min
1/41
,4/18/26, 12:45 AM Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
Signs and symptoms of potential overdose with Anticholinergics (
jimsonweed)?
Tachycardi
a
Hyperthermi
a
Hypertensi
on Dilated
pupils
Dry skin and dry mucuous membranes
sedation,aggitation , seizures, coma or
delirium Decreased bowel sounds
2/41
,4/18/26, 12:45 AM Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
Signs and symptoms of overdose with Cholinergics (nerve gas)?
Airway compromise
Salivation and sweating
Lacrimation
Urination
Defication, drooling or
diahrea Gastrci upset and
cramps Emesis
Muscle twitching
Myosis-pinpoint pupils
Potential pre-hospital treatment for poisoning?
Activated charcoal
What does treatment of a potential overdose include?
Treatment:
Focuses on support
Assess patient frequently abcs- every 5 mins
Use activated charcoal- BUT NOT FOR acidic poisons, cyanide, alcohol
Anaphylactic shock
A severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction
Route of allergen in an anaphylatic reaction?
Ingestion, injection and envenomation.
3/41
, 4/18/26, 12:45 AM Midterm EMT 11th edition Essentials Access for Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured
What is the most common allergen?
Food
Categories of allergens?
Common allergens:
Food (MOST
COMMON)
Medications
Bee stings-envenomation
Plants
Chemicals
Treatment for anyphalaxsis?
Help assist giving an epi-pen to the patient. Make sure epi pen is NOT expired,
functioning and for the patient.
What are the contraindications for giving an Epipen in an anyphalactic
situation?
Administering the epipen in a non life-threatening situation
What are the indications for administering an EPIPEN?
Indications: severe allergic reaction causing airway breathing or circulatory
compromise.
4/41
