OB Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) Exam with all
Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
moderate variability ✔Correct Answer-6-25 bpm
Causes of decreased variability ✔Correct Answer-Hypoxemia/acidosis
fetal sleep cycles
drugs (magnesium, narcotics)
Prematurity
arrythmias
fetal tachycardia
preexisting neurologic abonormality
congenital anomalies
absent variability ✔Correct Answer-undetectable
minimal variability ✔Correct Answer-> undetectable but <5/min
marked variability ✔Correct Answer->25 bpm
Fetal oxygenation is indicated by ✔Correct Answer-Variability
Causes of marked variability ✔Correct Answer-fetal stimulation
mild, transient hypoxemia
sympathomimetic drugs
acceleration ✔Correct Answer-apparent abrupt increase in FHR from the most recent baseline
- 32 weeks and up, 15 bpm for 15 sec - 2 minutes
- <32 weeks, 10 bpm 10sec - 2min
prolonged acceleration ✔Correct Answer-2 minutes - <10 minutes
baseline change ✔Correct Answer-= or > 10 minutes
Reactive Non-stress test (NST) ✔Correct Answer-2 accelerations in 20 minutes w/ moderate
variability
When are non-stress tests done? ✔Correct Answer-
Variable deceleration ✔Correct Answer-abrupt onset to nadir <30 seconds w/ drop of > or =
15 bmp
for > or = 15 sec - <2minutes
, (from onset to nadir)
Causes of variable decelerations ✔Correct Answer-cord compression
= vagal stimulation
Early deceleration ✔Correct Answer-- symmetrical, gradual decrease and return of FHR for >
or = 30 seconds from onset to nadir
- nadir occurs at the same time as the peak of the contraction
Early decelerations represent what? ✔Correct Answer-vagal stimulation in response to
uterine contraction
Late deceleration ✔Correct Answer-gradual FHR decrease from baseline for > or = 30 seconds
delayed in timing with the nadir occurring after the peak of the contraction
Causes of late decelerations ✔Correct Answer-utero-placental insufficiency (UPI) (uterine
tone, perfusion, or placental function)
relative hypoxia but not necessarily hypoxemia or acidosis
reversible causes of late decelerations ✔Correct Answer-- maternal hypotension
- uterine hyperactivity
non-reversible causes of late decelerations ✔Correct Answer-- placental abruption/infarction
- placenta previa
possible reversible causes of late decelerations ✔Correct Answer-Maternal hypertensive
disorder
IUGR
maternal diabetes/cardiac disease
chorioamnionitis
maternal anemia
Rh isoimmunization
maternal tobacco use
Prolonged deceleration ✔Correct Answer-greater than 15bpm for 2 to <10 minutes
- ominous and should be responded to immediately
Causes of prolonged decelerations? ✔Correct Answer-cord compression, maternal
hypotension, maternal hypoxemia, titanic uterine contractions, prolonged head compression,
amniotic fluid embolism
Fetal Tachycardia ✔Correct Answer-160 bpm for >10 minutes
Fetal bradycardia ✔Correct Answer-<110 bpm for >10 minutes
Correct & 100% Verified Answers |Already Graded A+
moderate variability ✔Correct Answer-6-25 bpm
Causes of decreased variability ✔Correct Answer-Hypoxemia/acidosis
fetal sleep cycles
drugs (magnesium, narcotics)
Prematurity
arrythmias
fetal tachycardia
preexisting neurologic abonormality
congenital anomalies
absent variability ✔Correct Answer-undetectable
minimal variability ✔Correct Answer-> undetectable but <5/min
marked variability ✔Correct Answer->25 bpm
Fetal oxygenation is indicated by ✔Correct Answer-Variability
Causes of marked variability ✔Correct Answer-fetal stimulation
mild, transient hypoxemia
sympathomimetic drugs
acceleration ✔Correct Answer-apparent abrupt increase in FHR from the most recent baseline
- 32 weeks and up, 15 bpm for 15 sec - 2 minutes
- <32 weeks, 10 bpm 10sec - 2min
prolonged acceleration ✔Correct Answer-2 minutes - <10 minutes
baseline change ✔Correct Answer-= or > 10 minutes
Reactive Non-stress test (NST) ✔Correct Answer-2 accelerations in 20 minutes w/ moderate
variability
When are non-stress tests done? ✔Correct Answer-
Variable deceleration ✔Correct Answer-abrupt onset to nadir <30 seconds w/ drop of > or =
15 bmp
for > or = 15 sec - <2minutes
, (from onset to nadir)
Causes of variable decelerations ✔Correct Answer-cord compression
= vagal stimulation
Early deceleration ✔Correct Answer-- symmetrical, gradual decrease and return of FHR for >
or = 30 seconds from onset to nadir
- nadir occurs at the same time as the peak of the contraction
Early decelerations represent what? ✔Correct Answer-vagal stimulation in response to
uterine contraction
Late deceleration ✔Correct Answer-gradual FHR decrease from baseline for > or = 30 seconds
delayed in timing with the nadir occurring after the peak of the contraction
Causes of late decelerations ✔Correct Answer-utero-placental insufficiency (UPI) (uterine
tone, perfusion, or placental function)
relative hypoxia but not necessarily hypoxemia or acidosis
reversible causes of late decelerations ✔Correct Answer-- maternal hypotension
- uterine hyperactivity
non-reversible causes of late decelerations ✔Correct Answer-- placental abruption/infarction
- placenta previa
possible reversible causes of late decelerations ✔Correct Answer-Maternal hypertensive
disorder
IUGR
maternal diabetes/cardiac disease
chorioamnionitis
maternal anemia
Rh isoimmunization
maternal tobacco use
Prolonged deceleration ✔Correct Answer-greater than 15bpm for 2 to <10 minutes
- ominous and should be responded to immediately
Causes of prolonged decelerations? ✔Correct Answer-cord compression, maternal
hypotension, maternal hypoxemia, titanic uterine contractions, prolonged head compression,
amniotic fluid embolism
Fetal Tachycardia ✔Correct Answer-160 bpm for >10 minutes
Fetal bradycardia ✔Correct Answer-<110 bpm for >10 minutes
