Review 2026 | Accurate Answers
1. If a police officer fails to provide a sufficient statement of probable cause
when seeking a pre-compliant warrant, what is likely to happen during the
evaluation by the magistrate?
The magistrate will automatically issue the warrant regardless of the
statement.
The arrest can still proceed without the warrant.
The officer will be required to provide additional evidence after the
arrest.
The warrant may be denied or not issued.
2. Describe how circumstantial evidence contributes to establishing probable
cause.
Circumstantial evidence provides indirect evidence that can
suggest a conclusion about a suspect's involvement in a crime.
Circumstantial evidence is always considered more reliable than direct
evidence.
Circumstantial evidence is only relevant in civil cases.
Circumstantial evidence cannot be used in court to establish probable
cause.
3. Interpret the significance of PC 836(e) in relation to the Fourth Amendment
rights.
PC 836(e) permits warrantless arrests, which can raise concerns
about Fourth Amendment protections against unreasonable
searches and seizures.
, PC 836(e) only applies to civil cases.
PC 836(e) has no relation to the Fourth Amendment.
PC 836(e) ensures all arrests require a warrant, enhancing Fourth
Amendment rights.
4. What do PC 834 and PC 835 specifically authorize concerning arrests?
They define the rights of the arrestee.
They outline the procedures for search warrants.
They authorize officers and private persons to make arrests.
They specify the types of evidence admissible in court.
5. What standard or threshold is necessary for a search warrant to be issued?
Articulable suspicion
Probable cause
Reasonable suspicion
Preponderance of evidence
Reasonable doubt
6. What does it mean for a person to have "general intent" for a crime they've
been convicted of?
It means they were convicted of a misdemeanor, not a felony.
The person intended to do a bad thing, but did not intend that exact
outcome.
The crime did not require an actus reus.
There is no such thing as general intent.
,7. Interpret the implications of PC 26 regarding the legal responsibility of
children and mentally incapacitated persons.
PC 26 allows for harsher penalties for minors and mentally
incapacitated individuals.
PC 26 states that all individuals are equally responsible for their
actions regardless of age or mental state.
PC 26 suggests that only children under 10 are incapable of
committing a crime.
PC 26 implies that children under 14 and mentally incapacitated
persons are not held legally responsible for crimes due to their
presumed incapacity.
8. Under what circumstances can warrantless arrests for misdemeanors occur
according to PC 836?
Only for felonies, not misdemeanors.
In the officer's presence or under specific statutes.
Only with a warrant issued by a judge.
When a suspect confesses to the crime.
9. If a suspect confesses to a crime after being threatened by law enforcement,
how would this confession likely be treated in court?
It would be used to enhance the credibility of the suspect.
It would likely be ruled inadmissible due to coercion.
It would be accepted as valid evidence.
It would require additional corroboration to be considered.
, 10. What specific attributes should be consistent among individuals in a
photographic lineup?
Same race, sex, and facial characteristics
Only facial characteristics
Different races and sexes
Varying sizes and distances
11. What is the time frame during which a warrant can be legally served?
Anytime during the day
Between 0800 and 2100 hours
Between 0700 and 2200 hours
Between 0600 and 2300 hours
12. Describe the significance of voluntary agreement in the context of consent
searches of vehicles.
Voluntary agreement allows officers to bypass the need for probable
cause.
Voluntary agreement ensures that the search is lawful and respects
the individual's rights.
Voluntary agreement is not necessary if the officer suspects illegal
activity.
Voluntary agreement can be revoked at any time during the search.
13. What must peace officers have in order to seize items that are in plain view?
A warrant, reasonable suspicion, and consent from the owner.