EFM – Physiology Exam with all Correct & 100% Verified
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Fetal oxygenation consists of 2 basic elements ✔Correct Answer-1) Transfer of oxygen from
the environment to the fetus
2) the fetal response to interruption of oxygen transfer
Examples of interruption of oxygen transfer from environment to alveoli (maternal) ✔Correct
Answer-Airway obstruction, depression of central respiratory control (caused by narcotics,
magnesium, or convulsions)
Examples of interruption of oxygen transfer from alveoli to the pulmonary capillary blood
(maternal) ✔Correct Answer-Ventilation-perfusion mismatch, diffusion defects (ex:
pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, asthma, atelectasis, or adult respiratory distress syndrome)
Examples of oxygen transfer interruption from the environment to the fetus due to abnormal
maternal-oxygen carrying capacity ✔Correct Answer-Anemia, hereditary/acquired
abnormalities affecting oxygen binding
How to monitor maternal hemoglobin saturation? ✔Correct Answer-Pulse ox (spO2)
Examples of interruption of oxygen transfer from the environment to the fetus due to maternal
heart conditions that reduce cardiac output ✔Correct Answer--Altered maternal heart rate
(arrhythmia)
-Reduced preload (hypovolemia, compression of inferior vena cava)
-Impaired contractility (ischemic heart disease, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart
failure)
-Increased after load (HTN)
-Heart structural abnormalities
Most common cause of reduced cardiac output in healthy obstetric patient is : ✔Correct
Answer-reduced preload from hypovolemia or compression of inferior vena cava by gravid
uterus
Most common cause of interrupted oxygen transfer at the level of the maternal vasculature:
✔Correct Answer-transient hypotension
Most common cause of interuption of fetal oxygenation at the uterine level ✔Correct Answer-
Contractions and uterine injury (rupture, trauma)
REVIEW BLOOD FLOW FROM PLACENTA TO INFANT ✔Correct Answer-
, Simple Diffusion Definition ✔Correct Answer-Passage of substances from a region of higher
concentration to one of lower concentration along a concentration gradient that is passive and
DOES NOT require energy
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by SIMPLE DIFFUSION
✔Correct Answer-Oxygen, carbon dioxide, small ions (NaCl), Lipids, Fat-soluble vitamins, many
drugs
Facilitated Diffusion Definition ✔Correct Answer-Passage of substances along a concentration
gradient with the assistance of a carrier molecule involved
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by FACILITATED DIFFUSION
✔Correct Answer-Glucose and carbohydrates
Active transport Definition ✔Correct Answer-Passage of substances against a concentration
gradient; carrier molecules and ENERGY is REQUIRED
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by ACTIVE TRANSPORT
✔Correct Answer-Amino acids, water-soluble vitamins, large ions
Bulk Flow Definition ✔Correct Answer-transfer of substances by a hydrostatic or osmotic
gradient
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by BULK FLOW
✔Correct Answer-water and dissolve electrolytes
Pinocytosis Definition ✔Correct Answer-Transfer of minute, engulfed particle across a cell
membrane
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by PINOCYTOSIS
✔Correct Answer-Immune globulins, serum protein
Breaks and Leakage (Maternal/Fetal Blood) ✔Correct Answer-Small breaks in the placental
membrane allows passage of plasma and substances
-Maternal or fetal cells mix (potentially resulting in isoimmunization)
Examples of Interuption oxygen transfer from the environment to the fetus at the level of fetal
blood ✔Correct Answer-Fetal anemia (alloimmunizations, infections, fetomaternal
hemorrhage, vasa previa) and conditions that reduce oxygen carrying capacity (Barts
hemoglobinopathy, methemoglobinemia)
Answers |Latest Version |Already Graded A+
Fetal oxygenation consists of 2 basic elements ✔Correct Answer-1) Transfer of oxygen from
the environment to the fetus
2) the fetal response to interruption of oxygen transfer
Examples of interruption of oxygen transfer from environment to alveoli (maternal) ✔Correct
Answer-Airway obstruction, depression of central respiratory control (caused by narcotics,
magnesium, or convulsions)
Examples of interruption of oxygen transfer from alveoli to the pulmonary capillary blood
(maternal) ✔Correct Answer-Ventilation-perfusion mismatch, diffusion defects (ex:
pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, asthma, atelectasis, or adult respiratory distress syndrome)
Examples of oxygen transfer interruption from the environment to the fetus due to abnormal
maternal-oxygen carrying capacity ✔Correct Answer-Anemia, hereditary/acquired
abnormalities affecting oxygen binding
How to monitor maternal hemoglobin saturation? ✔Correct Answer-Pulse ox (spO2)
Examples of interruption of oxygen transfer from the environment to the fetus due to maternal
heart conditions that reduce cardiac output ✔Correct Answer--Altered maternal heart rate
(arrhythmia)
-Reduced preload (hypovolemia, compression of inferior vena cava)
-Impaired contractility (ischemic heart disease, diabetes, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart
failure)
-Increased after load (HTN)
-Heart structural abnormalities
Most common cause of reduced cardiac output in healthy obstetric patient is : ✔Correct
Answer-reduced preload from hypovolemia or compression of inferior vena cava by gravid
uterus
Most common cause of interrupted oxygen transfer at the level of the maternal vasculature:
✔Correct Answer-transient hypotension
Most common cause of interuption of fetal oxygenation at the uterine level ✔Correct Answer-
Contractions and uterine injury (rupture, trauma)
REVIEW BLOOD FLOW FROM PLACENTA TO INFANT ✔Correct Answer-
, Simple Diffusion Definition ✔Correct Answer-Passage of substances from a region of higher
concentration to one of lower concentration along a concentration gradient that is passive and
DOES NOT require energy
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by SIMPLE DIFFUSION
✔Correct Answer-Oxygen, carbon dioxide, small ions (NaCl), Lipids, Fat-soluble vitamins, many
drugs
Facilitated Diffusion Definition ✔Correct Answer-Passage of substances along a concentration
gradient with the assistance of a carrier molecule involved
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by FACILITATED DIFFUSION
✔Correct Answer-Glucose and carbohydrates
Active transport Definition ✔Correct Answer-Passage of substances against a concentration
gradient; carrier molecules and ENERGY is REQUIRED
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by ACTIVE TRANSPORT
✔Correct Answer-Amino acids, water-soluble vitamins, large ions
Bulk Flow Definition ✔Correct Answer-transfer of substances by a hydrostatic or osmotic
gradient
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by BULK FLOW
✔Correct Answer-water and dissolve electrolytes
Pinocytosis Definition ✔Correct Answer-Transfer of minute, engulfed particle across a cell
membrane
Example of Substances exchanged between fetal and maternal blood by PINOCYTOSIS
✔Correct Answer-Immune globulins, serum protein
Breaks and Leakage (Maternal/Fetal Blood) ✔Correct Answer-Small breaks in the placental
membrane allows passage of plasma and substances
-Maternal or fetal cells mix (potentially resulting in isoimmunization)
Examples of Interuption oxygen transfer from the environment to the fetus at the level of fetal
blood ✔Correct Answer-Fetal anemia (alloimmunizations, infections, fetomaternal
hemorrhage, vasa previa) and conditions that reduce oxygen carrying capacity (Barts
hemoglobinopathy, methemoglobinemia)
