Praxis 5005 – Science Exam with
Accurate Solutions
What is the term for the thick layer surrounding Earth's outer core? - ANSWER-Mantle
What are the layers of the Earth? - ANSWER-Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust
Sedimentary Rock - ANSWER-Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by
the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and
within bodies of water. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering
and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by
water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers.
Lithification - ANSWER-Lithification is the process in which sediments compact under
pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification
is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation.
What are the kinds of minerals contained in salt water? - ANSWER-Sodium, Potassium,
Magnesium, Phosphorites, Water
Physical features of the Ocean Floor - ANSWER-Besides being the base for islands, the
ocean floor also includes continental shelves and slopes, canyons, oceanic ridges,
trenches, fracture zones, abyssal hills, abyssal plains, volcanoes, and seamounts
What are the layers of the atmosphere? - ANSWER-Troposphere, Stratosphere,
Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.
Trophosphere - ANSWER-Most clouds and weather.
Thinner at the poles, thicker at the equator.
Temperature decreases with altitude.
Stratosphere - ANSWER-Ozone Layer (which absorbs most of the harmful UV radiation
from the sun)
Slight increase in temperature with altitude
Highest temp is 0 Celsius
Mesosphere - ANSWER-Thin.
Temperature decreases significantly with altitude
Thermosphere - ANSWER-Temperature is hot (as high as thousands of degrees)
, Exosphere - ANSWER-This is the upper limit of our atmosphere. It extends from the top
of the thermosphere up to 10,000 km
Ionosphere - ANSWER-abundant layer of electrons and ionized atoms and molecules
that overlaps with the mesosphere and thermosphere. This dynamic region grows and
shrinks based on solar conditions and divides further into the sub-regions. Makes radio
communications possible.
Formation of Soil - ANSWER-All soils initially come from rocks, this is termed the 'parent
material'. The Parent Material may be directly below the soil, or great distances away if
wind, water or glaciers have transported the soil. The formation of soils can be seen as
a combination of the products of weathering, of structural development of the soil, of
differentiation of that structure into horizons or layers, and lastly of its movement or
translocation.
Which of the following two gasses compose the vast majority of the Earth's
atmosphere? - ANSWER-Nitrogen and Oxygen
Currents - ANSWER-Ocean currents can be generated by wind, density differences in
water masses caused by temperature and salinity variations, gravity, and events such
as earthquakes. Currents are cohesive streams of seawater that circulate through the
ocean.
Waves - ANSWER-They result from the wind blowing over an area of fluid surface.
Waves in the oceans can travel thousands of miles before reaching land.
Tides - ANSWER-Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined
effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of
the Earth.
What is fission? - ANSWER-Nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive
decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts. The fission
process often produces free neutrons and gamma photons, and releases a very large
amount of energy.
What is fusion? - ANSWER-Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more
atomic nuclei come close enough to react and form one or more different atomic nuclei
and subatomic particles (neutrons and/or protons). The difference in mass between the
products and reactants leads to the release of large amounts of energy.
What is convection? - ANSWER-Heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or
water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying
energy with it (warmer water rises, cooler water descends). Convection above a hot
surface occurs because hot air expands, becomes less dense, and rises
Accurate Solutions
What is the term for the thick layer surrounding Earth's outer core? - ANSWER-Mantle
What are the layers of the Earth? - ANSWER-Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, Crust
Sedimentary Rock - ANSWER-Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by
the deposition and subsequent cementation of that material at the Earth's surface and
within bodies of water. Before being deposited, the sediment was formed by weathering
and erosion from the source area, and then transported to the place of deposition by
water, wind, ice, mass movement or glaciers.
Lithification - ANSWER-Lithification is the process in which sediments compact under
pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid rock. Essentially, lithification
is a process of porosity destruction through compaction and cementation.
What are the kinds of minerals contained in salt water? - ANSWER-Sodium, Potassium,
Magnesium, Phosphorites, Water
Physical features of the Ocean Floor - ANSWER-Besides being the base for islands, the
ocean floor also includes continental shelves and slopes, canyons, oceanic ridges,
trenches, fracture zones, abyssal hills, abyssal plains, volcanoes, and seamounts
What are the layers of the atmosphere? - ANSWER-Troposphere, Stratosphere,
Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere.
Trophosphere - ANSWER-Most clouds and weather.
Thinner at the poles, thicker at the equator.
Temperature decreases with altitude.
Stratosphere - ANSWER-Ozone Layer (which absorbs most of the harmful UV radiation
from the sun)
Slight increase in temperature with altitude
Highest temp is 0 Celsius
Mesosphere - ANSWER-Thin.
Temperature decreases significantly with altitude
Thermosphere - ANSWER-Temperature is hot (as high as thousands of degrees)
, Exosphere - ANSWER-This is the upper limit of our atmosphere. It extends from the top
of the thermosphere up to 10,000 km
Ionosphere - ANSWER-abundant layer of electrons and ionized atoms and molecules
that overlaps with the mesosphere and thermosphere. This dynamic region grows and
shrinks based on solar conditions and divides further into the sub-regions. Makes radio
communications possible.
Formation of Soil - ANSWER-All soils initially come from rocks, this is termed the 'parent
material'. The Parent Material may be directly below the soil, or great distances away if
wind, water or glaciers have transported the soil. The formation of soils can be seen as
a combination of the products of weathering, of structural development of the soil, of
differentiation of that structure into horizons or layers, and lastly of its movement or
translocation.
Which of the following two gasses compose the vast majority of the Earth's
atmosphere? - ANSWER-Nitrogen and Oxygen
Currents - ANSWER-Ocean currents can be generated by wind, density differences in
water masses caused by temperature and salinity variations, gravity, and events such
as earthquakes. Currents are cohesive streams of seawater that circulate through the
ocean.
Waves - ANSWER-They result from the wind blowing over an area of fluid surface.
Waves in the oceans can travel thousands of miles before reaching land.
Tides - ANSWER-Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined
effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun and the rotation of
the Earth.
What is fission? - ANSWER-Nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive
decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts. The fission
process often produces free neutrons and gamma photons, and releases a very large
amount of energy.
What is fusion? - ANSWER-Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which two or more
atomic nuclei come close enough to react and form one or more different atomic nuclei
and subatomic particles (neutrons and/or protons). The difference in mass between the
products and reactants leads to the release of large amounts of energy.
What is convection? - ANSWER-Heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or
water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying
energy with it (warmer water rises, cooler water descends). Convection above a hot
surface occurs because hot air expands, becomes less dense, and rises
