PRAXIS 5005: Science Exam with
Accurate Solutions
Igneous Rock - ANS-formed when hot magma cools beneath the ground
or
lava cools above the ground
forms crystal like/ glassy rocks
ex: granite, pumus, basalt
Sedimentary Rock - ANS-Changed by pressure
does not involve heat
Usually near water/ involves water
sometimes contain fossils
forms from previously weathered and erroted material which may have been igneous,
sedimentary, rock metamorphic rock.
ex: dolemite, limestone, sandstone
Metamorphic Rock - ANS-Has been changed by great heat and pressure
altered, partially remelted
ex: slate, marble
Plate tectonic theory - ANS-Lithosphere is made up of major and minor plates
Sit on viscous (thick fluid) part and move with it
Three types of plate boundaires - ANS-1. Transform boundaries: they slide past each
other causing friction/ earthquakes
2. Divergent boundaries: two plates that pull away from each other/ creates new crust
3. Convergent boundaries: plates push into each other/ one goes under called
subduction
the number of protons in the nucleus determines - ANS-the atomic number of the
element
atoms with neutral charge have an atomic number that is equal to - ANS-the number of
electrons
Atomic mass (A) - ANS-total number of protons(Z) and neutrons(N) in the nucleus
, A= Z+N
Boyle's law - ANS-Gases contract when pressure is applied to them
If temp remains the same so will pressure and and volume ratio
Ideal gas law - ANS-explains the properties of a gas under ideal pressure, volume, and
temperature conditions.
Conduction - ANS-form of heat transfer that occurs at the molecular level
ex: pan on burner, handle isn't hot at first but then heat transfers
Convection - ANS-heat transfer that occurs through the movement or circulation of
fluids
heat moves to cooler denser areas
ex: boiling water, ocean currents
Temperature - ANS-the average kinetic energy of an objects particle
when heat increases so does kinetic energy
Heat capacity - ANS-the amount of heat energy needed to raise the the temp of an
object
measured in joules
Potential energy - ANS-the amount of energy an object has stored within itself because
of its position or orientation
Kinetic energy - ANS-the energy of an object in motion
when an object is dropped it converts from potential energy to kinetic energy
you can use potential and kinetic energy to calculate velocity of an object during a fall
Friction - ANS-a force that arises as a resistance to motion where two surfaces are in
contact.
Gravational force - ANS-a universal force that causes every object to exert a force on
every other object
Bouyancy - ANS-density determines if something will sink or float
less dense than water = float
3 types of levers - ANS-1st: work is in the middle: ex seesaw
2nd: work is at one end: pry bar, wheelbarrow
3rd: work is at one end and the motion is reversed ex: fishing pole, hammer, tweezers
Conductors vs Insulators - ANS-Conductors allow the movement of electrical charge
while insulator materials prevent the movement of electrical charge
Accurate Solutions
Igneous Rock - ANS-formed when hot magma cools beneath the ground
or
lava cools above the ground
forms crystal like/ glassy rocks
ex: granite, pumus, basalt
Sedimentary Rock - ANS-Changed by pressure
does not involve heat
Usually near water/ involves water
sometimes contain fossils
forms from previously weathered and erroted material which may have been igneous,
sedimentary, rock metamorphic rock.
ex: dolemite, limestone, sandstone
Metamorphic Rock - ANS-Has been changed by great heat and pressure
altered, partially remelted
ex: slate, marble
Plate tectonic theory - ANS-Lithosphere is made up of major and minor plates
Sit on viscous (thick fluid) part and move with it
Three types of plate boundaires - ANS-1. Transform boundaries: they slide past each
other causing friction/ earthquakes
2. Divergent boundaries: two plates that pull away from each other/ creates new crust
3. Convergent boundaries: plates push into each other/ one goes under called
subduction
the number of protons in the nucleus determines - ANS-the atomic number of the
element
atoms with neutral charge have an atomic number that is equal to - ANS-the number of
electrons
Atomic mass (A) - ANS-total number of protons(Z) and neutrons(N) in the nucleus
, A= Z+N
Boyle's law - ANS-Gases contract when pressure is applied to them
If temp remains the same so will pressure and and volume ratio
Ideal gas law - ANS-explains the properties of a gas under ideal pressure, volume, and
temperature conditions.
Conduction - ANS-form of heat transfer that occurs at the molecular level
ex: pan on burner, handle isn't hot at first but then heat transfers
Convection - ANS-heat transfer that occurs through the movement or circulation of
fluids
heat moves to cooler denser areas
ex: boiling water, ocean currents
Temperature - ANS-the average kinetic energy of an objects particle
when heat increases so does kinetic energy
Heat capacity - ANS-the amount of heat energy needed to raise the the temp of an
object
measured in joules
Potential energy - ANS-the amount of energy an object has stored within itself because
of its position or orientation
Kinetic energy - ANS-the energy of an object in motion
when an object is dropped it converts from potential energy to kinetic energy
you can use potential and kinetic energy to calculate velocity of an object during a fall
Friction - ANS-a force that arises as a resistance to motion where two surfaces are in
contact.
Gravational force - ANS-a universal force that causes every object to exert a force on
every other object
Bouyancy - ANS-density determines if something will sink or float
less dense than water = float
3 types of levers - ANS-1st: work is in the middle: ex seesaw
2nd: work is at one end: pry bar, wheelbarrow
3rd: work is at one end and the motion is reversed ex: fishing pole, hammer, tweezers
Conductors vs Insulators - ANS-Conductors allow the movement of electrical charge
while insulator materials prevent the movement of electrical charge
