Praxis 5005 Science Life Science Test
with Complete Solutions
Cell Theory - ANSWER-1)all cells arise from preexisting cells
2)all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
3)Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
2 Types of Cells - ANSWER-1) Prokaryotes - single-celled called bacteria
2) Eukaryotes - many cells with membrane-bound nucleus
cell anatomy - ANSWER-1) cell membrane - door
2) nucleus - Control center (DNA)
3) Ribosome - production of protein; made by nucleolus
4) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - transports proteins
5) Golgi Body- (folded membranes) -storage, packaging, and distribution of protein
6) Mitochondria - Site of energy production
7) Lysosomes - Digestive enzymes
8-10) are unique to Plants
8) Cell Wall- protective covering for the cell membrane
9) Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis occurs here
10) Central Vacuole - water storage spot for the cell
Cell membrane - ANSWER-good things in; waste out
Marker Proteins - serves as "address sign" for the cell
Endocytosis - Capture good things
Exocytosis- Release bad things
Nucleus - ANSWER-Located within cytoplasm and protected by lipid bilayer membrane
Nucleoplasm- Surrounds, supports, and protects the genetic code
Chromatin- contains histones, proteins, and DNA double helix
Nucleolus- makes ribonsomal RNA
Ribosomes - ANSWER-2 Types: 1) Free 2) Attached
Translation - process used to make protein
ER - ANSWER-2 Types: 1) Rough - attached to membrane lining 2) Smooth - not
attached
Mitochondria - ANSWER-process by which cells harvest energy from food in the form of
ATP.
, Cell Cycle - - ANSWER-3 STAGES: Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
Interphase (longest phase) - ANSWER-3 phases: 1) Growth(G1), Synthesis (makes
DNA) (S), 2nd Growth(G2)
Mitosis - ANSWER-Process by which the nucleus divides into two indentical nuclei in
preparation for cytokinesis; creates sex cells in preparation for sexual reproduction.
4 phases: 1) Prophase (longest) -Chromosomes become visible, 2) Metaphase
(shortest)- spindle fibers orient, 3) Anaphase- equal separation and distribution of
chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell, 4) Telophase (opposite of prophase)- cells
complete migration to opposite sides of the cell and uncoil; opposite of prophase.
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-Final Stage - cell divides to form two daughter cells
Meiosis - ANSWER-creation of sex cell for sexual reproduction; halves chromosomes in
a gamete so that when gametes combine, the normal chromosome number is restored
Bioenergetics - ANSWER-Energy flowing through living systems
1)Endergonic - energy released
2)Exergonic - energy created
Photosythesis - ANSWER-process that produces food energy for most life forms;
Endergonic reaction
2 Stages - Light reaction and Dark reaction
Metabolism - ANSWER-biochemical reaction; cells receive most of their energy this way
Cellular Respiration (combustion reaction) - ANSWER-cells harvest the energy of
organic compound, if oxygen is needed (aerobic), if oxygen is not needed (anaerobic)
Fermentation - ANSWER-anaerobic cellular respiration that occurs when there is no
oxygen present, usually performed by Prokaryotes
DNA - ANSWER-Blueprint of the cell; contains genetic information
Contains TWO nucleotides that create double helix
Holds template for making proteins
Nucleotide - ANSWER-3 parts: Sugar & Phosphate- create supporting structure;
Nitrogenous - stairs
SPiN- Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous
Proteins - ANSWER-serve many functions within organism
Protein Synthesis - ANSWER-Two Step process - Transcription and Translation
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
with Complete Solutions
Cell Theory - ANSWER-1)all cells arise from preexisting cells
2)all living organisms are composed of 1 or more cells
3)Cells are the basic unit of structure and function
2 Types of Cells - ANSWER-1) Prokaryotes - single-celled called bacteria
2) Eukaryotes - many cells with membrane-bound nucleus
cell anatomy - ANSWER-1) cell membrane - door
2) nucleus - Control center (DNA)
3) Ribosome - production of protein; made by nucleolus
4) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - transports proteins
5) Golgi Body- (folded membranes) -storage, packaging, and distribution of protein
6) Mitochondria - Site of energy production
7) Lysosomes - Digestive enzymes
8-10) are unique to Plants
8) Cell Wall- protective covering for the cell membrane
9) Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis occurs here
10) Central Vacuole - water storage spot for the cell
Cell membrane - ANSWER-good things in; waste out
Marker Proteins - serves as "address sign" for the cell
Endocytosis - Capture good things
Exocytosis- Release bad things
Nucleus - ANSWER-Located within cytoplasm and protected by lipid bilayer membrane
Nucleoplasm- Surrounds, supports, and protects the genetic code
Chromatin- contains histones, proteins, and DNA double helix
Nucleolus- makes ribonsomal RNA
Ribosomes - ANSWER-2 Types: 1) Free 2) Attached
Translation - process used to make protein
ER - ANSWER-2 Types: 1) Rough - attached to membrane lining 2) Smooth - not
attached
Mitochondria - ANSWER-process by which cells harvest energy from food in the form of
ATP.
, Cell Cycle - - ANSWER-3 STAGES: Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
Interphase (longest phase) - ANSWER-3 phases: 1) Growth(G1), Synthesis (makes
DNA) (S), 2nd Growth(G2)
Mitosis - ANSWER-Process by which the nucleus divides into two indentical nuclei in
preparation for cytokinesis; creates sex cells in preparation for sexual reproduction.
4 phases: 1) Prophase (longest) -Chromosomes become visible, 2) Metaphase
(shortest)- spindle fibers orient, 3) Anaphase- equal separation and distribution of
chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell, 4) Telophase (opposite of prophase)- cells
complete migration to opposite sides of the cell and uncoil; opposite of prophase.
Cytokinesis - ANSWER-Final Stage - cell divides to form two daughter cells
Meiosis - ANSWER-creation of sex cell for sexual reproduction; halves chromosomes in
a gamete so that when gametes combine, the normal chromosome number is restored
Bioenergetics - ANSWER-Energy flowing through living systems
1)Endergonic - energy released
2)Exergonic - energy created
Photosythesis - ANSWER-process that produces food energy for most life forms;
Endergonic reaction
2 Stages - Light reaction and Dark reaction
Metabolism - ANSWER-biochemical reaction; cells receive most of their energy this way
Cellular Respiration (combustion reaction) - ANSWER-cells harvest the energy of
organic compound, if oxygen is needed (aerobic), if oxygen is not needed (anaerobic)
Fermentation - ANSWER-anaerobic cellular respiration that occurs when there is no
oxygen present, usually performed by Prokaryotes
DNA - ANSWER-Blueprint of the cell; contains genetic information
Contains TWO nucleotides that create double helix
Holds template for making proteins
Nucleotide - ANSWER-3 parts: Sugar & Phosphate- create supporting structure;
Nitrogenous - stairs
SPiN- Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogenous
Proteins - ANSWER-serve many functions within organism
Protein Synthesis - ANSWER-Two Step process - Transcription and Translation
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
