Praxis Science 5005 (purple book)
Exam with Accurate Solutions
The temperature increases deeper into Earth - ANSWER- Earth gets denser towards
the center
Crust - ANSWER-The outermost solid layer of Earth
Mantle - ANSWER-The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
It is not liquid, it is ductile or plastic which means that some of parts of the mantle can
flow under certain conditions and changes in pressure.
The mantle is mainly composed of aluminum and silicates
Core - ANSWER-The innermost layers of Earth.
Earth has an outer core (liquid) and an inner core (solid).
It is mostly composed of nickel and iron.
Composition Layers of the Earth - ANSWER-crust,
mantle,
core
Mechanical Layers of Earth - ANSWER-lithosphere,
asthenosphere,
mesosphere,
outer core
inner core
Lithosphere - ANSWER-The outermost and most rigid mechanical layer of Earth.
It includes the crust and the top of the mantle
Asthenosphere - ANSWER-Underneath the lithosphere
This region of the mantle flows relatively easily.
The mantle is NOT liquid
Mesosphere - ANSWER-Beneath the asthenosphere.
It encompasses the lower mantle, where material still flows but at a much slower rate
than in the asthenosphere.
Outer Core - ANSWER-A layer of liquid iron and nickel beneath the mesosphere.
,This is the only layer of Earth that is true liquid.
Earth's Spheres - ANSWER-lithosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
cryosphere
atmosphere
Lithosphere - ANSWER-The outermost shell of Earth
Its the Earth's crust
Hydrosphere - ANSWER-All the water on Earth in liquid form.
For example, lakes, rivers, and oceans.
Biosphere - ANSWER-global sum of all ecosystems and living organisms
Cryosphere - ANSWER-The masses of frozen water.
For example, frozen rivers, frozen oceans, and glaciers.
atmosphere - ANSWER-layers of gas that surround a planet
Nitrogen and oxygen make up 99% of the gases in the Earths atmosphere, with
nitrogen being the most prevalent. - ANSWER-
Earth's atmosphere - ANSWER-TRoposphere, Most of Earth's weather occurs here
Stratosphere, contains the ozone layer
Mesosphere,
THermosphere,
Exosphere
The ozone layer - ANSWER-Absorbs 97-99% of the sun's ultraviolet light and is
contained in the stratosphere
Glaciers contain 69% of Earth's fresh water. - ANSWER-
Geologic formations are formations made from rocks that exist on the lithosphere .
Examples include volcanoes, mountains, and canyons. - ANSWER-
Mountains - ANSWER-Are formed as a result of Earths tectonic plates smashing
together
Volcanoes - ANSWER-Are formed when magma from within earths upper mantle irrupt
through the surface
Canyons - ANSWER-Are formed by weathering and erosion caused by the movement
of rivers. They are also formed by tectonic activity
, Earthquakes - ANSWER-Are usually caused when plates rub against each other in an
opposite motion, and rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. The sudden
release of energy causes seismic waves that make the ground shake.
Ring of Fire - ANSWER-Is a ring of volcanoes around the outer edge of the Pacific
Ocean. These volcanoes are a result of subduction oceanic plate beneath lighter
continental plates. Most of earths volcanoes in earthquakes happen along the ring of
fire
seismic waves - ANSWER-Is an elastic wave caused by an earthquake. There are three
types:
1. Primary (P Waves)- these are the fastest waves and can travel through solid liquid
and gas
2. Secondary Waves (S Waves)- they travel through earths interior about half the speed
of primary waves. It can travel through rock, but unlike primary waves, they cannot
travel through liquids or gases
3. Surface- move along earths surface, not through its interior. They are the slowest of
the three
Tsunamis - ANSWER-Are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruption's
under the sea. Out in depths of the ocean, these waves do not dramatically increase in
height. However, as the waves travel inland, they build up to higher heights as the depth
of the ocean decreases. The speed of these waves depend on oceans depths. They
may travel as fast as jet planes over deep waters, only slowing down when they reach
shallow waters
Plate tectonics - ANSWER-Is the theory that earth's outer shell is divided into several
plates that glide over the mantle or the rocky inner layer above the core. These plates
move and separate, causing earth to separate and change.
Divergent - ANSWER-pulling apart
Convergent - ANSWER-coming together
Subduction - ANSWER-Sideways and downward movement on the edge of a plate into
the mantle beneath another plate.
Soil - ANSWER-Is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and many
organisms that together support life on earth.
1. Topsoil
2. Subsoil
3. Bedrock
Exam with Accurate Solutions
The temperature increases deeper into Earth - ANSWER- Earth gets denser towards
the center
Crust - ANSWER-The outermost solid layer of Earth
Mantle - ANSWER-The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
It is not liquid, it is ductile or plastic which means that some of parts of the mantle can
flow under certain conditions and changes in pressure.
The mantle is mainly composed of aluminum and silicates
Core - ANSWER-The innermost layers of Earth.
Earth has an outer core (liquid) and an inner core (solid).
It is mostly composed of nickel and iron.
Composition Layers of the Earth - ANSWER-crust,
mantle,
core
Mechanical Layers of Earth - ANSWER-lithosphere,
asthenosphere,
mesosphere,
outer core
inner core
Lithosphere - ANSWER-The outermost and most rigid mechanical layer of Earth.
It includes the crust and the top of the mantle
Asthenosphere - ANSWER-Underneath the lithosphere
This region of the mantle flows relatively easily.
The mantle is NOT liquid
Mesosphere - ANSWER-Beneath the asthenosphere.
It encompasses the lower mantle, where material still flows but at a much slower rate
than in the asthenosphere.
Outer Core - ANSWER-A layer of liquid iron and nickel beneath the mesosphere.
,This is the only layer of Earth that is true liquid.
Earth's Spheres - ANSWER-lithosphere
hydrosphere
biosphere
cryosphere
atmosphere
Lithosphere - ANSWER-The outermost shell of Earth
Its the Earth's crust
Hydrosphere - ANSWER-All the water on Earth in liquid form.
For example, lakes, rivers, and oceans.
Biosphere - ANSWER-global sum of all ecosystems and living organisms
Cryosphere - ANSWER-The masses of frozen water.
For example, frozen rivers, frozen oceans, and glaciers.
atmosphere - ANSWER-layers of gas that surround a planet
Nitrogen and oxygen make up 99% of the gases in the Earths atmosphere, with
nitrogen being the most prevalent. - ANSWER-
Earth's atmosphere - ANSWER-TRoposphere, Most of Earth's weather occurs here
Stratosphere, contains the ozone layer
Mesosphere,
THermosphere,
Exosphere
The ozone layer - ANSWER-Absorbs 97-99% of the sun's ultraviolet light and is
contained in the stratosphere
Glaciers contain 69% of Earth's fresh water. - ANSWER-
Geologic formations are formations made from rocks that exist on the lithosphere .
Examples include volcanoes, mountains, and canyons. - ANSWER-
Mountains - ANSWER-Are formed as a result of Earths tectonic plates smashing
together
Volcanoes - ANSWER-Are formed when magma from within earths upper mantle irrupt
through the surface
Canyons - ANSWER-Are formed by weathering and erosion caused by the movement
of rivers. They are also formed by tectonic activity
, Earthquakes - ANSWER-Are usually caused when plates rub against each other in an
opposite motion, and rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. The sudden
release of energy causes seismic waves that make the ground shake.
Ring of Fire - ANSWER-Is a ring of volcanoes around the outer edge of the Pacific
Ocean. These volcanoes are a result of subduction oceanic plate beneath lighter
continental plates. Most of earths volcanoes in earthquakes happen along the ring of
fire
seismic waves - ANSWER-Is an elastic wave caused by an earthquake. There are three
types:
1. Primary (P Waves)- these are the fastest waves and can travel through solid liquid
and gas
2. Secondary Waves (S Waves)- they travel through earths interior about half the speed
of primary waves. It can travel through rock, but unlike primary waves, they cannot
travel through liquids or gases
3. Surface- move along earths surface, not through its interior. They are the slowest of
the three
Tsunamis - ANSWER-Are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruption's
under the sea. Out in depths of the ocean, these waves do not dramatically increase in
height. However, as the waves travel inland, they build up to higher heights as the depth
of the ocean decreases. The speed of these waves depend on oceans depths. They
may travel as fast as jet planes over deep waters, only slowing down when they reach
shallow waters
Plate tectonics - ANSWER-Is the theory that earth's outer shell is divided into several
plates that glide over the mantle or the rocky inner layer above the core. These plates
move and separate, causing earth to separate and change.
Divergent - ANSWER-pulling apart
Convergent - ANSWER-coming together
Subduction - ANSWER-Sideways and downward movement on the edge of a plate into
the mantle beneath another plate.
Soil - ANSWER-Is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and many
organisms that together support life on earth.
1. Topsoil
2. Subsoil
3. Bedrock
