CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF
NURSING NR 283 QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWER 2026
LECTURE 1
pH down = PT down -> body systems
ACID BASES
•learn how to convert lab values to words
•the rule of the B’s
= if the pH and the Bocar are both in the
same direction -> metabolic - shut down (EXCEPT K+)
Hint: draw arrows beside each to see -> acidosis - think of a system and go low:
directions
*down = acidosis hypo-reflexive (+1, 0), bradycardia,
*up = alkalosis lethargy, obtunded, paralytic ileus,
- respiratory -> has no b in it; if in other
respiratory arrest
directions (or if bicarb is normal value) •ex. which acid-base disorders need an Ambu-
- KNOW NORMAL pH, Bocar, CO2 bag at the bedside? = acidosis (resp. arrest)
•ex. which acid-base disorders need suction
•Hint: DON’T MEMORIZE LISTS…know at the bedside? = alkalosis (seize and
principles (they test knowledge of aspirate)
principles by having you generate lists..) - • Mac Kussmaul - Kussmaul’s
for “select all” questions (compensatory respiratory mechanism) is
- ex. in general/principle what do only present in only 1 of the 4 metabolic
opioids/pain meds do? = sedate you, (acid-base) disorders
CNS depressors *M = metabolic AC = acidosis
* ex. what does deluded do? don’t
memorize specifics
or a list of deluded, know principles of •most common mistake with select all questions
= selecting one more than you should (stop
opioids (such as sedation, CNS
when you select the ones you know! don’t get
depression -> lethargy, flaccidity,
caught up on the “could bee’s”)
reflex +1, hypo-areflexia, obtunded)
• Hint: don’t select none or all on select all
- boards don’t test by lists because all that apply questions (never only one and
books/ classes have different lists never all)
•principles of S&S acid bases: as the pH •Causes of Acid-Base Imbalance:
goes so goes my patient (except K+) - scenarios and what acid-base disorder would
- pH up = PT up -> body system gets result (what would cause an imbalance)
more irritable, hyper-excitable
(EXCEPT K+)
-> alkalosis - think of a body system and
go high: hyper-reflexive (+3, +4 [2 is
normal]), tachypnea, tachycardia,
borborygmi, seizure
, ** DON’T MIX UP S&S and CAUSATION - respiratory alkalosis - respiratory acidosis
- metabolic alkalosis - metabolic acidosis
-often what causes something is the opposite
of the S&S
-ex. diarrhea will cause a metabolic • pay more attention to the modifying
phrases than the original noun
acidosis but once you are acidotic your
bowel shuts down and you get a - ex. person w/ OCD who is now psychotic
paralytic ileus (psychotic trumps OCD); hyperemesis with
dehydration (pay attention to dehydration)
• when you get scenarios:
-> if it’s a lung scenario = respiratory VENTILATION
- then check if the client is over- • ventilators -> know alarm systems (you set
ventilating (alkalosis) or under- it up so that the machine doesn’t use less
ventilating (acidosis) than or more than specific amounts of
- remember to look at the words (ex. pressure)
over, under, ventilating) -> “as the pH a) high pressure alarm = increased
goes so goes my PT” resistance to airflow (the machine has
-> VENTILATING DOESN’T MEAN to push too hard to get air into lungs)
RESPIRATORY
RATE; resp. rate is irrelevant w/ - from obstructions:
i. kinks in tubing (unkink it)
acid-base, ventilation has to do with
ii. water condensation in tube (empty it!)
gas exchange not resp. rate (look at
iii. mucous secretions in the airway
the SaO2 -> if your resp. rate is fast
(change positions/turn, C&DB, and
but SaO2 is low you are under-
THEN suction)
ventilating) *** suction is only PRN!!!
-> ex. PCA pump - What acid-base -> priority questions = you would
disorder indicates they need to check kinks first, suction is not first
come off of it? = respiratory acidosis
(resp. depression -> resp. arrest)
—> if it’s not lung, it’s metabolic
• metabolic alkalosis - really only one
scenario = if the PT has prolonged gastric
vomiting/suctioning
- because you are losing ACID
* ex. GI surgery w/ NG tube with
suctioning for 3 days; hyperemesis
gravid rum
- otherwise everything else that isn’t
lung you pick metabolic acidosis
(DEFAULT)
* ex. hyperemesis gravid rum w/
dehydration
acute renal failure, infantile diarrhea
• remember, you only have 4 to pick from:
, b) low pressure alarm = decreased
resistance to airflow (the machine
had to work too little to push air into
lungs)
- from disconnections:
i. main tubing (reconnect it duh!)
ii. O2 sensor tubing (which senses
FiO2 at the airway/trach area;
black coated wire coming from
machine right along the tubing -
reconnect!)
•ventilators -> know blood gases
- resp. alkalosis = ventilation settings
might be set too high (OVER-
VENTILATING)
- resp. acidosis = ventilation settings might
be set too low (UNDER-VENTILATING)
•ex. weaning a PT off ventilator -> should not
be under-ventilated, they need the
ventilator; if they are over-ventilating then
they can be weaned
•never pick an answer where you don’t do
something and someone else has to do
something
, LECTURE 2 make decisions for them
-> the dependent = abuser
ABUSE (Psych and Med-Surge) - co-dependency = when the significant other
Psychological Aspect/Psycho-Dynamics derives positive self-esteem from making
•# 1 psychological problem is the same in decisions for or doing things for the abuser
any/all abusive situations = DENIAL -> the abuser gets a life w/o responsibilities
- abusers have an infinite capacity for denial -> the sig. other gets positive self-esteem
so that they can continue the behavior w/o (which is why they can’t get out of the
answering for it relationship)
• can use the alcoholism rules for any abuse • how do you treat it?
- set limits and enforce them
- ex. # 1 psych problem in child
-> start teaching sig. other to say NO (and
abuse, gambling or cocaine abuse is
they have to keep doing it)
denial
-must also work on the self-esteem of the co-
•why is denial the problem? HOW CAN YOU
dependent (ex. I’m a good person because I’m
TREAT SOMEONE WHO DENIES/DOESN’T
saying “no”)
RECOGNIZE THEY HAVE A PROBLEM
• manipulation = when the abuser gets the sig.
• denial = refusal to accept the reality of a
problem other to do things for them that are not in the
• treat denial by CONFRONTING the best interest of the sig. other
problem (it’s not the same as aggression - the nature of the act is dangerous/harmful
which attacks the person, not the problem) = - how is manipulation like dependency?
they DENY you CONFRONT -> in both the abuser is getting the other
- pointing out to the person the difference person to do something for them
between what they say and what they do
- Hint: never pick answers that attack the
person
-> ex. bad answers have bad pronouns - “you”
-> ex. good answers have good pronouns -
“I”, “we”
-> ex. “you wrote the order wrong” vs. “I’m
having difficulty interpreting what you
want”
• loss and grief -> for this denial you must
SUPPORT it
-DABDA = denial, anger, bargaining,
depression, acceptance
• Hint: for questions about denial, you must
look to see if it is LOSS or ABUSE
-loss/grief = support
-abuse = confront
• #2 psychological problem in abuse =
DEPENDENCY, CO-DEPENDENCY
-dependency = when the abuser gets
significant other to do things for them or
NURSING NR 283 QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWER 2026
LECTURE 1
pH down = PT down -> body systems
ACID BASES
•learn how to convert lab values to words
•the rule of the B’s
= if the pH and the Bocar are both in the
same direction -> metabolic - shut down (EXCEPT K+)
Hint: draw arrows beside each to see -> acidosis - think of a system and go low:
directions
*down = acidosis hypo-reflexive (+1, 0), bradycardia,
*up = alkalosis lethargy, obtunded, paralytic ileus,
- respiratory -> has no b in it; if in other
respiratory arrest
directions (or if bicarb is normal value) •ex. which acid-base disorders need an Ambu-
- KNOW NORMAL pH, Bocar, CO2 bag at the bedside? = acidosis (resp. arrest)
•ex. which acid-base disorders need suction
•Hint: DON’T MEMORIZE LISTS…know at the bedside? = alkalosis (seize and
principles (they test knowledge of aspirate)
principles by having you generate lists..) - • Mac Kussmaul - Kussmaul’s
for “select all” questions (compensatory respiratory mechanism) is
- ex. in general/principle what do only present in only 1 of the 4 metabolic
opioids/pain meds do? = sedate you, (acid-base) disorders
CNS depressors *M = metabolic AC = acidosis
* ex. what does deluded do? don’t
memorize specifics
or a list of deluded, know principles of •most common mistake with select all questions
= selecting one more than you should (stop
opioids (such as sedation, CNS
when you select the ones you know! don’t get
depression -> lethargy, flaccidity,
caught up on the “could bee’s”)
reflex +1, hypo-areflexia, obtunded)
• Hint: don’t select none or all on select all
- boards don’t test by lists because all that apply questions (never only one and
books/ classes have different lists never all)
•principles of S&S acid bases: as the pH •Causes of Acid-Base Imbalance:
goes so goes my patient (except K+) - scenarios and what acid-base disorder would
- pH up = PT up -> body system gets result (what would cause an imbalance)
more irritable, hyper-excitable
(EXCEPT K+)
-> alkalosis - think of a body system and
go high: hyper-reflexive (+3, +4 [2 is
normal]), tachypnea, tachycardia,
borborygmi, seizure
, ** DON’T MIX UP S&S and CAUSATION - respiratory alkalosis - respiratory acidosis
- metabolic alkalosis - metabolic acidosis
-often what causes something is the opposite
of the S&S
-ex. diarrhea will cause a metabolic • pay more attention to the modifying
phrases than the original noun
acidosis but once you are acidotic your
bowel shuts down and you get a - ex. person w/ OCD who is now psychotic
paralytic ileus (psychotic trumps OCD); hyperemesis with
dehydration (pay attention to dehydration)
• when you get scenarios:
-> if it’s a lung scenario = respiratory VENTILATION
- then check if the client is over- • ventilators -> know alarm systems (you set
ventilating (alkalosis) or under- it up so that the machine doesn’t use less
ventilating (acidosis) than or more than specific amounts of
- remember to look at the words (ex. pressure)
over, under, ventilating) -> “as the pH a) high pressure alarm = increased
goes so goes my PT” resistance to airflow (the machine has
-> VENTILATING DOESN’T MEAN to push too hard to get air into lungs)
RESPIRATORY
RATE; resp. rate is irrelevant w/ - from obstructions:
i. kinks in tubing (unkink it)
acid-base, ventilation has to do with
ii. water condensation in tube (empty it!)
gas exchange not resp. rate (look at
iii. mucous secretions in the airway
the SaO2 -> if your resp. rate is fast
(change positions/turn, C&DB, and
but SaO2 is low you are under-
THEN suction)
ventilating) *** suction is only PRN!!!
-> ex. PCA pump - What acid-base -> priority questions = you would
disorder indicates they need to check kinks first, suction is not first
come off of it? = respiratory acidosis
(resp. depression -> resp. arrest)
—> if it’s not lung, it’s metabolic
• metabolic alkalosis - really only one
scenario = if the PT has prolonged gastric
vomiting/suctioning
- because you are losing ACID
* ex. GI surgery w/ NG tube with
suctioning for 3 days; hyperemesis
gravid rum
- otherwise everything else that isn’t
lung you pick metabolic acidosis
(DEFAULT)
* ex. hyperemesis gravid rum w/
dehydration
acute renal failure, infantile diarrhea
• remember, you only have 4 to pick from:
, b) low pressure alarm = decreased
resistance to airflow (the machine
had to work too little to push air into
lungs)
- from disconnections:
i. main tubing (reconnect it duh!)
ii. O2 sensor tubing (which senses
FiO2 at the airway/trach area;
black coated wire coming from
machine right along the tubing -
reconnect!)
•ventilators -> know blood gases
- resp. alkalosis = ventilation settings
might be set too high (OVER-
VENTILATING)
- resp. acidosis = ventilation settings might
be set too low (UNDER-VENTILATING)
•ex. weaning a PT off ventilator -> should not
be under-ventilated, they need the
ventilator; if they are over-ventilating then
they can be weaned
•never pick an answer where you don’t do
something and someone else has to do
something
, LECTURE 2 make decisions for them
-> the dependent = abuser
ABUSE (Psych and Med-Surge) - co-dependency = when the significant other
Psychological Aspect/Psycho-Dynamics derives positive self-esteem from making
•# 1 psychological problem is the same in decisions for or doing things for the abuser
any/all abusive situations = DENIAL -> the abuser gets a life w/o responsibilities
- abusers have an infinite capacity for denial -> the sig. other gets positive self-esteem
so that they can continue the behavior w/o (which is why they can’t get out of the
answering for it relationship)
• can use the alcoholism rules for any abuse • how do you treat it?
- set limits and enforce them
- ex. # 1 psych problem in child
-> start teaching sig. other to say NO (and
abuse, gambling or cocaine abuse is
they have to keep doing it)
denial
-must also work on the self-esteem of the co-
•why is denial the problem? HOW CAN YOU
dependent (ex. I’m a good person because I’m
TREAT SOMEONE WHO DENIES/DOESN’T
saying “no”)
RECOGNIZE THEY HAVE A PROBLEM
• manipulation = when the abuser gets the sig.
• denial = refusal to accept the reality of a
problem other to do things for them that are not in the
• treat denial by CONFRONTING the best interest of the sig. other
problem (it’s not the same as aggression - the nature of the act is dangerous/harmful
which attacks the person, not the problem) = - how is manipulation like dependency?
they DENY you CONFRONT -> in both the abuser is getting the other
- pointing out to the person the difference person to do something for them
between what they say and what they do
- Hint: never pick answers that attack the
person
-> ex. bad answers have bad pronouns - “you”
-> ex. good answers have good pronouns -
“I”, “we”
-> ex. “you wrote the order wrong” vs. “I’m
having difficulty interpreting what you
want”
• loss and grief -> for this denial you must
SUPPORT it
-DABDA = denial, anger, bargaining,
depression, acceptance
• Hint: for questions about denial, you must
look to see if it is LOSS or ABUSE
-loss/grief = support
-abuse = confront
• #2 psychological problem in abuse =
DEPENDENCY, CO-DEPENDENCY
-dependency = when the abuser gets
significant other to do things for them or
