Vascular ARDMS COMPREHENSIVE EXAM || MOST
RECENT EXAM 2026-2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST
RELEASED!!
what causes fibrosis cavernous transformation associated
with portal vein
thrombosis - ANSWER -complete occlusion of the vessel--
appears as a group
of tortuous vessels in the porta hepatis 6-20 days after an
acute occlusion
what are pitfalls of portal vein thrombosis - ANSWER -tumor
causes it to dilate (greater than 23 mm is indicative of a tumor),
anechoic structures are commonly mistaken to be biliary
related, low velocities or to and fro flow difficult to detect,
inadequate doppler angle which limits detection of PV flow and
leads to a false positive
how does new thrombus appear sonographically - ANSWER -
anechoic--easy to
miss without color
Doppler
,what is the best way to differentiate between thrombus and
tumor involvement - ANSWER -tumor involvement will have
internal vasculature and and thrombus will not and tumor
involvement causes the PV to dilate
what is PVG - ANSWER -portal vein gas - gas in the portal
venous system
what are causes of PVG - ANSWER -bowel ischemia,
diverticulitis, appendicitis,
bowel distention, bowel obstruction,
ideopathic
what are the sonographic features of PVG - ANSWER -small,
mobile, echogenic reflections in the lumen of PV and branches,
increased doppler signal due to the highly reflective gas bubble
compared to a RBC
what can PVG mimic - ANSWER -poorly defined echogenic
areas can look like
hemobilia or parenchymal
calcifications
what is budd chiari syndrome - ANSWER -a hepatic vein
obstruction
what are clinical signs of budd chiari - ANSWER -
hepatomegally (due to liver congestion), abdominal pain (due to
,hepatomegally), ascites, Hepaocellular dysfunction (Labs), left
and caudate lobes undergo compensatory hypertrophy
what are the acute symptoms of budd chiari - ANSWER -liver
segment enlarges and appears hypoechoic, aschites, pleural
effusion, and GB edema-- looks like liver failure with assive
ascites and hepatomegally, difficult to see hepatic veins due to
this
what are the chronic symptoms of budd chiari - ANSWER -liver
segment shrinks
and appears echogenic, splenomegally, portosystemic
collaterals-- difficult to
see hep v's due to fibrosis and reduced
liver size
what will grey scale indicate with budd chiari - ANSWER -an
echogenic intraluminal material possibly a thrombus or tumor
invasion (such as a hepatoma)
what will doppler demonstrate with hep v obstruction -
ANSWER -a lack of flow in the hepatic veins at the site of the
occlusion and collateral pathways that don't follow the usual
vsculature course. A bicolor flow in the hepatic veins (one
branch blue and the other red) is a good indication of proximal
vein occlusion and distal patency, caudate veins enlarge
greater than 3mm (specific to budd chiari in the absence of
CHF)
, what is a method of treating portal HTN - ANSWER -TIPS-
transjugular
intrahepatic portosystemic
shunts
what are the normal findings associated with a TIPS - ANSWER
-flight protrusion of ends of shunt into portal and hepatic veins,
fully filled stent, monophasic slightly pulsatile flow, moderate
spectral broadening, PSV from at least 50-60 cm/sec to 90-120
cm/ sec, similar velocities at both ends,
hepatopedal flow in portal, increase in portal flow comared to
pre shunt status,
portal velocity of at least 30 cm/sec with normal range of
37-47 cm/sec
what is a TIPS - ANSWER -this is a channel created between the
high pressure
portal system and the low pressure hepatic veins and installed
via the jugular
vein
what are the features of a TIPS stent - ANSWER -metallic device
used to create
shunt or channel and easily
visualized
what should a pre-op sonogram of a TIPS include - ANSWER -
should include documentation of flow and patency in the PV,
SV, and SMV. Evaluate the liver as well. Location of hepatomas
RECENT EXAM 2026-2027 ACTUAL COMPLETE
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS!! NEWEST EXAM | JUST
RELEASED!!
what causes fibrosis cavernous transformation associated
with portal vein
thrombosis - ANSWER -complete occlusion of the vessel--
appears as a group
of tortuous vessels in the porta hepatis 6-20 days after an
acute occlusion
what are pitfalls of portal vein thrombosis - ANSWER -tumor
causes it to dilate (greater than 23 mm is indicative of a tumor),
anechoic structures are commonly mistaken to be biliary
related, low velocities or to and fro flow difficult to detect,
inadequate doppler angle which limits detection of PV flow and
leads to a false positive
how does new thrombus appear sonographically - ANSWER -
anechoic--easy to
miss without color
Doppler
,what is the best way to differentiate between thrombus and
tumor involvement - ANSWER -tumor involvement will have
internal vasculature and and thrombus will not and tumor
involvement causes the PV to dilate
what is PVG - ANSWER -portal vein gas - gas in the portal
venous system
what are causes of PVG - ANSWER -bowel ischemia,
diverticulitis, appendicitis,
bowel distention, bowel obstruction,
ideopathic
what are the sonographic features of PVG - ANSWER -small,
mobile, echogenic reflections in the lumen of PV and branches,
increased doppler signal due to the highly reflective gas bubble
compared to a RBC
what can PVG mimic - ANSWER -poorly defined echogenic
areas can look like
hemobilia or parenchymal
calcifications
what is budd chiari syndrome - ANSWER -a hepatic vein
obstruction
what are clinical signs of budd chiari - ANSWER -
hepatomegally (due to liver congestion), abdominal pain (due to
,hepatomegally), ascites, Hepaocellular dysfunction (Labs), left
and caudate lobes undergo compensatory hypertrophy
what are the acute symptoms of budd chiari - ANSWER -liver
segment enlarges and appears hypoechoic, aschites, pleural
effusion, and GB edema-- looks like liver failure with assive
ascites and hepatomegally, difficult to see hepatic veins due to
this
what are the chronic symptoms of budd chiari - ANSWER -liver
segment shrinks
and appears echogenic, splenomegally, portosystemic
collaterals-- difficult to
see hep v's due to fibrosis and reduced
liver size
what will grey scale indicate with budd chiari - ANSWER -an
echogenic intraluminal material possibly a thrombus or tumor
invasion (such as a hepatoma)
what will doppler demonstrate with hep v obstruction -
ANSWER -a lack of flow in the hepatic veins at the site of the
occlusion and collateral pathways that don't follow the usual
vsculature course. A bicolor flow in the hepatic veins (one
branch blue and the other red) is a good indication of proximal
vein occlusion and distal patency, caudate veins enlarge
greater than 3mm (specific to budd chiari in the absence of
CHF)
, what is a method of treating portal HTN - ANSWER -TIPS-
transjugular
intrahepatic portosystemic
shunts
what are the normal findings associated with a TIPS - ANSWER
-flight protrusion of ends of shunt into portal and hepatic veins,
fully filled stent, monophasic slightly pulsatile flow, moderate
spectral broadening, PSV from at least 50-60 cm/sec to 90-120
cm/ sec, similar velocities at both ends,
hepatopedal flow in portal, increase in portal flow comared to
pre shunt status,
portal velocity of at least 30 cm/sec with normal range of
37-47 cm/sec
what is a TIPS - ANSWER -this is a channel created between the
high pressure
portal system and the low pressure hepatic veins and installed
via the jugular
vein
what are the features of a TIPS stent - ANSWER -metallic device
used to create
shunt or channel and easily
visualized
what should a pre-op sonogram of a TIPS include - ANSWER -
should include documentation of flow and patency in the PV,
SV, and SMV. Evaluate the liver as well. Location of hepatomas
