Patho 1 Final (Xavier ABSN)
hyperpituitarism - CORRECT ANSWER-primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones
trigger for siadh - CORRECT ANSWER-acute brain injury, also traumatic brain injury
and subarachnoid hemorrhage; can also be drug-induced or a side effect of surgery
level of ADH in DI - CORRECT ANSWER-a lack of secretion of ADH from the posterior
pituitary
level of ADH in siadh - CORRECT ANSWER-excessive secretion of ADH
s/s siadh - CORRECT ANSWER-fatigue, weakness, confusion, and headache; If
hyponatremia is severe or rapid, Signs and symptoms include myoclonus, slowed
reflexes, seizures, problem with gait and balance, nystagmus, dysarthria, dysphagia,
and coma
s/s diabetes insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER-associated with dehydration and
hypernatremia; frequent urination, thirst, confusion, disorientation, myoclonus, seizures,
coma
diagnostics for DI - CORRECT ANSWER-Blood glucose testing, Analyzing urine for
glucose, specific gravity, osmolality, and sodium
diagnostics for siadh - CORRECT ANSWER-Measurements of sodium, electrolytes, in
water of the blood and urine are most important; Diagnostic tests include urine- specific
gravity, urine osmolality, hematocrit, and plasma osmolality
Hyponatremia, elevated urine osmolality, excessive urine sodium, and decreased serum
osmolality are found
central DI - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs because of the lack of secretion of ADH from
the posterior pituitary
nephrogenic DI - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when the kidney fails to respond to ADH
differentiating nephro and central DI - CORRECT ANSWER-if administration of ADH
does not concentrate the urine, the kidney is resistant to ADH, and the diagnosis is
nephrogenic DI
gigantism - CORRECT ANSWER-GH stimulates the growth plates of long bones, which
results in excessive longitudinal growth; affected individuals grossed heights of 7 feet or
, more; individual often suffers from other endocrine or genetic conditions that negatively
impact the overall health
acromegaly - CORRECT ANSWER-excessive GH stimulates a gradual growth of
certain bones such as the jaw, hands and feet
T3 and T4 - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones of thyroid gland
function of T3 and T4 - CORRECT ANSWER-regulates body metabolism
subclinical hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-a disorder in which thyroid function is
only mildly low, so that the blood level of T4 remains within the normal range, but the
blood level of TSH is elevated, indicating mild thyroid failure
treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-single dose of thyroxine
myxedema - CORRECT ANSWER-severe hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's hyroiditis - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs from auto immune destruction of
the thyroid gland; when antibodies bind to the TSH receptor, there is an absence of the
normal response of T3 and T4 synthesis and secretion
cause of Graves disease - CORRECT ANSWER-auto antibodies against the thyroid
gland, which include anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
s/s Graves disease - CORRECT ANSWER-enhanced sensitivity to the activity of the
sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters, patients are addressed for cardiac
arrhythmias, such as a fib and the development of heart failure; wide-eyed stare,
pretibial myxedema (skin changes of the lower legs)
function of parathyroid - CORRECT ANSWER-produce and secrete PTH in response to
a low serum calcium level, promotes calcium reabsorption in the renal tubules and the
release of calcium from bone; promotes vitamin D production by the kidney, which helps
to maintain normal calcium levels within the body
s/s hyperparathyroidism (excess Ca) - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle weakness, poor
concentration, neuropathies, hypertension, kidney stones, metabolic acidosis,
osteopenia, pathological fractures, constipation, depression, confusion, subtle cognitive
deficits, gastric acid secretion, peptic ulcer disease
s/s hypoparathyroidism (low Ca) - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle cramps, irritability,
tetany, convulsions, carpal spasm, facial muscle twitch
cortex and medulla - CORRECT ANSWER-two parts of the adrenal gland
corticosteroids - CORRECT ANSWER-secreted by cortex
hyperpituitarism - CORRECT ANSWER-primary hypersecretion of pituitary hormones
trigger for siadh - CORRECT ANSWER-acute brain injury, also traumatic brain injury
and subarachnoid hemorrhage; can also be drug-induced or a side effect of surgery
level of ADH in DI - CORRECT ANSWER-a lack of secretion of ADH from the posterior
pituitary
level of ADH in siadh - CORRECT ANSWER-excessive secretion of ADH
s/s siadh - CORRECT ANSWER-fatigue, weakness, confusion, and headache; If
hyponatremia is severe or rapid, Signs and symptoms include myoclonus, slowed
reflexes, seizures, problem with gait and balance, nystagmus, dysarthria, dysphagia,
and coma
s/s diabetes insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER-associated with dehydration and
hypernatremia; frequent urination, thirst, confusion, disorientation, myoclonus, seizures,
coma
diagnostics for DI - CORRECT ANSWER-Blood glucose testing, Analyzing urine for
glucose, specific gravity, osmolality, and sodium
diagnostics for siadh - CORRECT ANSWER-Measurements of sodium, electrolytes, in
water of the blood and urine are most important; Diagnostic tests include urine- specific
gravity, urine osmolality, hematocrit, and plasma osmolality
Hyponatremia, elevated urine osmolality, excessive urine sodium, and decreased serum
osmolality are found
central DI - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs because of the lack of secretion of ADH from
the posterior pituitary
nephrogenic DI - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when the kidney fails to respond to ADH
differentiating nephro and central DI - CORRECT ANSWER-if administration of ADH
does not concentrate the urine, the kidney is resistant to ADH, and the diagnosis is
nephrogenic DI
gigantism - CORRECT ANSWER-GH stimulates the growth plates of long bones, which
results in excessive longitudinal growth; affected individuals grossed heights of 7 feet or
, more; individual often suffers from other endocrine or genetic conditions that negatively
impact the overall health
acromegaly - CORRECT ANSWER-excessive GH stimulates a gradual growth of
certain bones such as the jaw, hands and feet
T3 and T4 - CORRECT ANSWER-hormones of thyroid gland
function of T3 and T4 - CORRECT ANSWER-regulates body metabolism
subclinical hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-a disorder in which thyroid function is
only mildly low, so that the blood level of T4 remains within the normal range, but the
blood level of TSH is elevated, indicating mild thyroid failure
treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism - CORRECT ANSWER-single dose of thyroxine
myxedema - CORRECT ANSWER-severe hypothyroidism
Hashimoto's hyroiditis - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs from auto immune destruction of
the thyroid gland; when antibodies bind to the TSH receptor, there is an absence of the
normal response of T3 and T4 synthesis and secretion
cause of Graves disease - CORRECT ANSWER-auto antibodies against the thyroid
gland, which include anti-thyroperoxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
s/s Graves disease - CORRECT ANSWER-enhanced sensitivity to the activity of the
sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters, patients are addressed for cardiac
arrhythmias, such as a fib and the development of heart failure; wide-eyed stare,
pretibial myxedema (skin changes of the lower legs)
function of parathyroid - CORRECT ANSWER-produce and secrete PTH in response to
a low serum calcium level, promotes calcium reabsorption in the renal tubules and the
release of calcium from bone; promotes vitamin D production by the kidney, which helps
to maintain normal calcium levels within the body
s/s hyperparathyroidism (excess Ca) - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle weakness, poor
concentration, neuropathies, hypertension, kidney stones, metabolic acidosis,
osteopenia, pathological fractures, constipation, depression, confusion, subtle cognitive
deficits, gastric acid secretion, peptic ulcer disease
s/s hypoparathyroidism (low Ca) - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle cramps, irritability,
tetany, convulsions, carpal spasm, facial muscle twitch
cortex and medulla - CORRECT ANSWER-two parts of the adrenal gland
corticosteroids - CORRECT ANSWER-secreted by cortex
