PSYC471 Final Exam - Koestner -
McGill University
when Deci replicated the free choice paradigm study (Lepper), what was the key
finding? - CORRECT ANSWER-the key was the expectation of the reward
the more we make it salient that testing & rewards will be involved, the more intrinsic
motivation _________ (drops or increases) - CORRECT ANSWER-drops
what are the 2 types of rewards? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. tangible vs. symbolic
2. physical vs. verbal
true or false: generally speaking, verbal rewards tend to have a positive effect on
intrinsic motivation - CORRECT ANSWER-true
true or false: if you know the person and they keep giving you verbal praise, it will
continue to have a positive affect (on intrinsic motivation) - CORRECT ANSWER-false
rewards are more damaging with _______ (older/younger/no difference) kids -
CORRECT ANSWER-younger kids
what are the 5 correlates/measures associated with intrinsic motivation? - CORRECT
ANSWER-1. enjoyment
2. pursuit of challenge
3. cognitive flexibility and creativity
4. spontaneity and expressiveness
5. positive emotional tone in relating to others
true or false: under threats of negative consequences, surveillance, deadlines,
evaluation, goal imposition, and competition, intrinsic motivation is undermined -
CORRECT ANSWER-true
there are 2 specific points in students' academic years where intrinsic motivation drops.
What (when) are they? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. grade school going to junior high
2. CEGEP to university
what are 4 things that make us feel more controlled rather than autonomous? -
CORRECT ANSWER-more evaluative, competitive, impersonal, formal
true or false: when intrinsic motivation drops, it has a cost on everyone's academic
performance - CORRECT ANSWER-false - not for everyone
,what is the theoretical definition of intrinsic motivation? - CORRECT ANSWER-the
natural propensity to engage one's interests and exercise one's capacities
what is the practical definition of intrinsic motivation? - CORRECT ANSWER-when you
do something for its own sake and no one is requiring you do it, nor offering rewards or
threatening to punish you
what is the name of the pizza hut program motivating kids to read by giving free pizza? -
CORRECT ANSWER-BOOK IT! Program
true or false: during the free choice period of the free choice paradigm experiment by
Lepper et al., the kids who are rewarded spend half as much time during the free choice
period as the kids who received no rewards - CORRECT ANSWER-true
true or false: in the free choice paradigm experiment by Lepper et al., the kids who are
rewarded focused on quality and the kids who got no rewards focused on quantity -
CORRECT ANSWER-false - the kids who got the reward focused on quantity whereas
the kids who did not get a reward focused on quality
Deci replicated the free choice paradigm study (Lepper), but this time, who was his
target (who was the experiment done on)? - CORRECT ANSWER-university students
what is the importance of 3rd grade in terms of reading and learning? - CORRECT
ANSWER-from learning to read, to reading to learn
what are 4 example of things we can do that would help kids who do not like to read
enjoy reading more often? - CORRECT ANSWER-encouraging choice, providing
interesting relevant texts, facilitating social interaction around books, using hand-on
activities to spart interest
being a poor kid, reading level after summer would have fallen by _____ months
(Allignton et a., study 2010) - CORRECT ANSWER-3 months
being a rich kid, reading level after summer would have increased by _____ month
every summer
(Allignton et a., study 2010) - CORRECT ANSWER-1 month
true or false: in Allignton study of summer reading, (poor) kids felt more autonomous
and volitional if you let them chose what they want to read and the quality of books did
matter - CORRECT ANSWER-false - the quality of books did NOT matter
what are 4 common functions of why we give praise? - CORRECT ANSWER-create
bond, motivate the child, protect the child, manipulate the child
what matters with praise is how the kid: _________
, options: remembers it, interprets it, analyzes it, incorporates it - CORRECT ANSWER-
interprets
praise can be interpreted in many ways depending on the 4 things: - CORRECT
ANSWER-1. type of relationship
2. type of praise
3. age, gender, cultural background
4. public nature
to commend the worth of someone's behavior or to express approval or admiration -
CORRECT ANSWER-praise
true or false: praise and feedback can be considered as synonyms - CORRECT
ANSWER-false
what is a common assumption regarding praise? - CORRECT ANSWER-praise = verbal
reinforcement
praise can act as a reinforcer only if 3 things are applied. What are they? - CORRECT
ANSWER-contingent, specific, credible
what is Brophy's answer to: does praise function as a reinforcer? - CORRECT
ANSWER-- only 5% that comments teachers made could be categorized as praise
- criticism was 10% more frequent
true or false: Brophy found that there is no relationship between the amount of praise
and kids' achievement. - CORRECT ANSWER-true
what are the 9 different functions of praise that Brophy was able to identify? -
CORRECT ANSWER-1. positive guidance
2. transition ritual
3. balance for criticism
4. icebreaker or peace offering
5. consolation prize or as encouragement
6. vindication of predictions
7. attempted vicarious reinforcement
8. students-elicited stroking
9- spontaneous expression of surprise or admiration
what is the oreo technique for balacing criticism? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. give
complement
2. give critic
3. give complement
McGill University
when Deci replicated the free choice paradigm study (Lepper), what was the key
finding? - CORRECT ANSWER-the key was the expectation of the reward
the more we make it salient that testing & rewards will be involved, the more intrinsic
motivation _________ (drops or increases) - CORRECT ANSWER-drops
what are the 2 types of rewards? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. tangible vs. symbolic
2. physical vs. verbal
true or false: generally speaking, verbal rewards tend to have a positive effect on
intrinsic motivation - CORRECT ANSWER-true
true or false: if you know the person and they keep giving you verbal praise, it will
continue to have a positive affect (on intrinsic motivation) - CORRECT ANSWER-false
rewards are more damaging with _______ (older/younger/no difference) kids -
CORRECT ANSWER-younger kids
what are the 5 correlates/measures associated with intrinsic motivation? - CORRECT
ANSWER-1. enjoyment
2. pursuit of challenge
3. cognitive flexibility and creativity
4. spontaneity and expressiveness
5. positive emotional tone in relating to others
true or false: under threats of negative consequences, surveillance, deadlines,
evaluation, goal imposition, and competition, intrinsic motivation is undermined -
CORRECT ANSWER-true
there are 2 specific points in students' academic years where intrinsic motivation drops.
What (when) are they? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. grade school going to junior high
2. CEGEP to university
what are 4 things that make us feel more controlled rather than autonomous? -
CORRECT ANSWER-more evaluative, competitive, impersonal, formal
true or false: when intrinsic motivation drops, it has a cost on everyone's academic
performance - CORRECT ANSWER-false - not for everyone
,what is the theoretical definition of intrinsic motivation? - CORRECT ANSWER-the
natural propensity to engage one's interests and exercise one's capacities
what is the practical definition of intrinsic motivation? - CORRECT ANSWER-when you
do something for its own sake and no one is requiring you do it, nor offering rewards or
threatening to punish you
what is the name of the pizza hut program motivating kids to read by giving free pizza? -
CORRECT ANSWER-BOOK IT! Program
true or false: during the free choice period of the free choice paradigm experiment by
Lepper et al., the kids who are rewarded spend half as much time during the free choice
period as the kids who received no rewards - CORRECT ANSWER-true
true or false: in the free choice paradigm experiment by Lepper et al., the kids who are
rewarded focused on quality and the kids who got no rewards focused on quantity -
CORRECT ANSWER-false - the kids who got the reward focused on quantity whereas
the kids who did not get a reward focused on quality
Deci replicated the free choice paradigm study (Lepper), but this time, who was his
target (who was the experiment done on)? - CORRECT ANSWER-university students
what is the importance of 3rd grade in terms of reading and learning? - CORRECT
ANSWER-from learning to read, to reading to learn
what are 4 example of things we can do that would help kids who do not like to read
enjoy reading more often? - CORRECT ANSWER-encouraging choice, providing
interesting relevant texts, facilitating social interaction around books, using hand-on
activities to spart interest
being a poor kid, reading level after summer would have fallen by _____ months
(Allignton et a., study 2010) - CORRECT ANSWER-3 months
being a rich kid, reading level after summer would have increased by _____ month
every summer
(Allignton et a., study 2010) - CORRECT ANSWER-1 month
true or false: in Allignton study of summer reading, (poor) kids felt more autonomous
and volitional if you let them chose what they want to read and the quality of books did
matter - CORRECT ANSWER-false - the quality of books did NOT matter
what are 4 common functions of why we give praise? - CORRECT ANSWER-create
bond, motivate the child, protect the child, manipulate the child
what matters with praise is how the kid: _________
, options: remembers it, interprets it, analyzes it, incorporates it - CORRECT ANSWER-
interprets
praise can be interpreted in many ways depending on the 4 things: - CORRECT
ANSWER-1. type of relationship
2. type of praise
3. age, gender, cultural background
4. public nature
to commend the worth of someone's behavior or to express approval or admiration -
CORRECT ANSWER-praise
true or false: praise and feedback can be considered as synonyms - CORRECT
ANSWER-false
what is a common assumption regarding praise? - CORRECT ANSWER-praise = verbal
reinforcement
praise can act as a reinforcer only if 3 things are applied. What are they? - CORRECT
ANSWER-contingent, specific, credible
what is Brophy's answer to: does praise function as a reinforcer? - CORRECT
ANSWER-- only 5% that comments teachers made could be categorized as praise
- criticism was 10% more frequent
true or false: Brophy found that there is no relationship between the amount of praise
and kids' achievement. - CORRECT ANSWER-true
what are the 9 different functions of praise that Brophy was able to identify? -
CORRECT ANSWER-1. positive guidance
2. transition ritual
3. balance for criticism
4. icebreaker or peace offering
5. consolation prize or as encouragement
6. vindication of predictions
7. attempted vicarious reinforcement
8. students-elicited stroking
9- spontaneous expression of surprise or admiration
what is the oreo technique for balacing criticism? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. give
complement
2. give critic
3. give complement
