Class 10 Notes (Maths & Science)
Maths Chapter 1: Real Numbers
Euclid’s Division Lemma: a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r < b
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Every number can be expressed as a product of primes.
HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
Terminating decimal: denominator form 2^n × 5^m
Maths Chapter 2: Polynomials
Polynomial: ax² + bx + c
Types: Linear, Quadratic, Cubic
Zeros: Values where polynomial = 0
For quadratic: α + β = -b/a, αβ = c/a
Division Algorithm: Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
Science Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions
Chemical equation must be balanced
Types: Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement
Oxidation: Gain of oxygen; Reduction: Loss of oxygen
Corrosion: Rusting of iron
Rancidity: Spoilage due to oxidation
Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases & Salts
Acids release H■ ions; Bases release OH■ ions
pH scale: <7 acidic, 7 neutral, >7 basic
Important reactions: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Examples: Baking soda, Washing soda, Plaster of Paris
Maths Chapter 1: Real Numbers
Euclid’s Division Lemma: a = bq + r, where 0 ≤ r < b
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic: Every number can be expressed as a product of primes.
HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
Terminating decimal: denominator form 2^n × 5^m
Maths Chapter 2: Polynomials
Polynomial: ax² + bx + c
Types: Linear, Quadratic, Cubic
Zeros: Values where polynomial = 0
For quadratic: α + β = -b/a, αβ = c/a
Division Algorithm: Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder
Science Chapter 1: Chemical Reactions
Chemical equation must be balanced
Types: Combination, Decomposition, Displacement, Double Displacement
Oxidation: Gain of oxygen; Reduction: Loss of oxygen
Corrosion: Rusting of iron
Rancidity: Spoilage due to oxidation
Science Chapter 2: Acids, Bases & Salts
Acids release H■ ions; Bases release OH■ ions
pH scale: <7 acidic, 7 neutral, >7 basic
Important reactions: Acid + Base → Salt + Water
Examples: Baking soda, Washing soda, Plaster of Paris
