NAO Book 1 COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS||100% GUARANTEED
PASS|| ALREADY A+
GRADED|||UPDATED 2026/2027
SYLLABUS||<<RECENT VERSION>>
What is the limbus? - ANSWER ✓ junction between sclera and cornea
Name 2 functions of the eyelids - ANSWER ✓ 1. Protection
2. Distributing tear film over the cornea & sclera
What is the primary function of the iris - ANSWER ✓ To control the amount of
light that enters the eye
Visible light is in the range of wave lengths - ANSWER ✓ 380-760 nanometers
Characteristics of plus lens - ANSWER ✓ Thick center/thin edges, corrects
hyperopia, converges light
Define abbe value - ANSWER ✓ number assigned to a lens material, the higher
the number the less chromatic abberations they have
-2.50 high index glass is heavier than a crown glass lens of equal thickness -
ANSWER ✓ true
Minimum thickness required for dress eyewear? - ANSWER ✓ No minimum
Which agency mandates the impact resistance for lenses? - ANSWER ✓ ANSI
Eyeglass II no longer lists the minimal information needed for a spectacle lens
prescription as found in Eyeglass I - ANSWER ✓ True
,A patient who experiences ________, meaning that the eyelids are turned outward,
will not have a lid margin for the tears to rest on, and the tears will spill over and
run out of the eye? - ANSWER ✓ Ectropion
Cataract can be defined in terms of? - ANSWER ✓ ・Abnormal morphology or
biochemistry
・Decreased light transmission
・Optical aberration and decreased visual acuity
・Decreased visual acuity
________ may result in protrusion of one or both eyes, dry eye to cornea
exposure, convergence insufficiency, and/or hypertropia? - ANSWER ✓ Grave's
disease
________ Sign is defined as an abnormal forward bulging of the lower eyelid
border observed when a patient looks downward caused by high curvature of the
cornea as deformed by keratoconus? - ANSWER ✓ Munson's
Night blindness is a complication of which ocular disease? - ANSWER ✓
Retinitis pigmentosa
________ is defined as an abnormal accumulation of watery fluid, presumably
aqueous humor, in the stroma and usually the epithelium of the normally clear
cornea. It is caused by ruptures in the endothelium and is not uncommon in
advanced keratoconus? - ANSWER ✓ Corneal hydrops
An ocular condition in which approximately 65% of the people have dislocated
lenses, are myopic and have astigmatism is called? - ANSWER ✓ Marfan
Syndrome
Bell's palsy can cause the lower eye lid to turn away from the globe of the eye.
This turning away from the globe is called _____? - ANSWER ✓ Ectropion
Damage to the retina from the hemorrhaging or capillaries is called? - ANSWER
✓ Diabetic retinopathy
Which of the following conditions could cause a sudden change in prescription in
an adult patient? - ANSWER ✓ Diabetes
, Which of the following conditions will cause a central field loss or central
scotoma? - ANSWER ✓ Macular degeneration
Which of the following conditions will cause a peripheral field loss and reduced
night vision? - ANSWER ✓ Retinitis pigmentosa
What is the term for inflammation of the eyelid? - ANSWER ✓ Blepharitis
What is a condition commonly associated with dry eye? - ANSWER ✓ Sjogren's
Syndrome
A __________ is an inflammatory granuloma of a Meibomian gland in the tarsal
plate of the eyelid . - ANSWER ✓ Chalazion
The refractive condition that brings parallel rays of light to focus on the retina
when the eye is at rest is called? - ANSWER ✓ Emmetropia
The refractive condition in which parallel rays of light to focus either in front of or
behind the retina when the eye is at rest is called? - ANSWER ✓ Ametropia
Which best identifies the visual system? - ANSWER ✓ Plus
If light rays come to a point focus at one place in front of the retina, what is the
refractive error? - ANSWER ✓ Myopia
If rays come to a point focus at one point behind the retina in one principle
meridian, and one point on the retina in the opposite principle meridian, what is the
refractive error? - ANSWER ✓ Simple hyperopic astigmatism
If light rays come to point focus at two different points in front of the retina in
opposite principle meridians, what is the refractive error? - ANSWER ✓
Compound myopic astigmatism
Myopia is corrected with what type of lens? - ANSWER ✓ Concave
Hyperopia is corrected with what type of lens? - ANSWER ✓ Convex
, The correction for a condition whereby light rays focus on the retina in one
principle meridian and in front of the retina in the opposite principle meridian
would be illustrated by what Rx? - ANSWER ✓ Plano -2.00 x 180
The correction for a condition whereby light rays focus in front of the retina in
two places in opposite principal meridians, would be illustrated by which Rx? -
ANSWER ✓ -3.00 -2.00 x 180
The correction for a condition whereby light rays focus behind the retina in two
places in opposite principal meridians, would be illustrated by which Rx? -
ANSWER ✓ +3.00 +2.00 x 180
The correction for a condition whereby light rays focus in front of the retina in one
place and behind the retina in the opposite principal meridians, would be illustrated
by which Rx? - ANSWER ✓ +3.00 - 2.00 x 180
The correction for a condition whereby light rays come to a single point focus in
front of the retina would be illustrated by which Rx? - ANSWER ✓ -3.00 sphere
The correction for a condition whereby light rays come to a single point focus
behind the retina would be illustrated by which Rx? - ANSWER ✓ +3.00 sphere
Irregular astigmatism is the condition whereby _______. The principle meridians
are not at right angles to one another and is better corrected with the use of contact
lenses. - ANSWER ✓ The principle meridians are not at right angles to one
another and is better corrected with the use of contact lenses.
If a 45 year old patient presents with the chief complaint .... "I see alright to read
during the day, but I need more light to read at night", What may be their
condition? (we don't diagnose, but should be able to identify certain conditions.) -
ANSWER ✓ Presbyopia
What is a primary cause of Presbyopia? - ANSWER ✓ Hardening of the
crystalline lens
The ability to accommodate can be identified as, _______? - ANSWER ✓ The
bulging or plussing of the crystalline lens of the eye when looking at near objects.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS||100% GUARANTEED
PASS|| ALREADY A+
GRADED|||UPDATED 2026/2027
SYLLABUS||<<RECENT VERSION>>
What is the limbus? - ANSWER ✓ junction between sclera and cornea
Name 2 functions of the eyelids - ANSWER ✓ 1. Protection
2. Distributing tear film over the cornea & sclera
What is the primary function of the iris - ANSWER ✓ To control the amount of
light that enters the eye
Visible light is in the range of wave lengths - ANSWER ✓ 380-760 nanometers
Characteristics of plus lens - ANSWER ✓ Thick center/thin edges, corrects
hyperopia, converges light
Define abbe value - ANSWER ✓ number assigned to a lens material, the higher
the number the less chromatic abberations they have
-2.50 high index glass is heavier than a crown glass lens of equal thickness -
ANSWER ✓ true
Minimum thickness required for dress eyewear? - ANSWER ✓ No minimum
Which agency mandates the impact resistance for lenses? - ANSWER ✓ ANSI
Eyeglass II no longer lists the minimal information needed for a spectacle lens
prescription as found in Eyeglass I - ANSWER ✓ True
,A patient who experiences ________, meaning that the eyelids are turned outward,
will not have a lid margin for the tears to rest on, and the tears will spill over and
run out of the eye? - ANSWER ✓ Ectropion
Cataract can be defined in terms of? - ANSWER ✓ ・Abnormal morphology or
biochemistry
・Decreased light transmission
・Optical aberration and decreased visual acuity
・Decreased visual acuity
________ may result in protrusion of one or both eyes, dry eye to cornea
exposure, convergence insufficiency, and/or hypertropia? - ANSWER ✓ Grave's
disease
________ Sign is defined as an abnormal forward bulging of the lower eyelid
border observed when a patient looks downward caused by high curvature of the
cornea as deformed by keratoconus? - ANSWER ✓ Munson's
Night blindness is a complication of which ocular disease? - ANSWER ✓
Retinitis pigmentosa
________ is defined as an abnormal accumulation of watery fluid, presumably
aqueous humor, in the stroma and usually the epithelium of the normally clear
cornea. It is caused by ruptures in the endothelium and is not uncommon in
advanced keratoconus? - ANSWER ✓ Corneal hydrops
An ocular condition in which approximately 65% of the people have dislocated
lenses, are myopic and have astigmatism is called? - ANSWER ✓ Marfan
Syndrome
Bell's palsy can cause the lower eye lid to turn away from the globe of the eye.
This turning away from the globe is called _____? - ANSWER ✓ Ectropion
Damage to the retina from the hemorrhaging or capillaries is called? - ANSWER
✓ Diabetic retinopathy
Which of the following conditions could cause a sudden change in prescription in
an adult patient? - ANSWER ✓ Diabetes
, Which of the following conditions will cause a central field loss or central
scotoma? - ANSWER ✓ Macular degeneration
Which of the following conditions will cause a peripheral field loss and reduced
night vision? - ANSWER ✓ Retinitis pigmentosa
What is the term for inflammation of the eyelid? - ANSWER ✓ Blepharitis
What is a condition commonly associated with dry eye? - ANSWER ✓ Sjogren's
Syndrome
A __________ is an inflammatory granuloma of a Meibomian gland in the tarsal
plate of the eyelid . - ANSWER ✓ Chalazion
The refractive condition that brings parallel rays of light to focus on the retina
when the eye is at rest is called? - ANSWER ✓ Emmetropia
The refractive condition in which parallel rays of light to focus either in front of or
behind the retina when the eye is at rest is called? - ANSWER ✓ Ametropia
Which best identifies the visual system? - ANSWER ✓ Plus
If light rays come to a point focus at one place in front of the retina, what is the
refractive error? - ANSWER ✓ Myopia
If rays come to a point focus at one point behind the retina in one principle
meridian, and one point on the retina in the opposite principle meridian, what is the
refractive error? - ANSWER ✓ Simple hyperopic astigmatism
If light rays come to point focus at two different points in front of the retina in
opposite principle meridians, what is the refractive error? - ANSWER ✓
Compound myopic astigmatism
Myopia is corrected with what type of lens? - ANSWER ✓ Concave
Hyperopia is corrected with what type of lens? - ANSWER ✓ Convex
, The correction for a condition whereby light rays focus on the retina in one
principle meridian and in front of the retina in the opposite principle meridian
would be illustrated by what Rx? - ANSWER ✓ Plano -2.00 x 180
The correction for a condition whereby light rays focus in front of the retina in
two places in opposite principal meridians, would be illustrated by which Rx? -
ANSWER ✓ -3.00 -2.00 x 180
The correction for a condition whereby light rays focus behind the retina in two
places in opposite principal meridians, would be illustrated by which Rx? -
ANSWER ✓ +3.00 +2.00 x 180
The correction for a condition whereby light rays focus in front of the retina in one
place and behind the retina in the opposite principal meridians, would be illustrated
by which Rx? - ANSWER ✓ +3.00 - 2.00 x 180
The correction for a condition whereby light rays come to a single point focus in
front of the retina would be illustrated by which Rx? - ANSWER ✓ -3.00 sphere
The correction for a condition whereby light rays come to a single point focus
behind the retina would be illustrated by which Rx? - ANSWER ✓ +3.00 sphere
Irregular astigmatism is the condition whereby _______. The principle meridians
are not at right angles to one another and is better corrected with the use of contact
lenses. - ANSWER ✓ The principle meridians are not at right angles to one
another and is better corrected with the use of contact lenses.
If a 45 year old patient presents with the chief complaint .... "I see alright to read
during the day, but I need more light to read at night", What may be their
condition? (we don't diagnose, but should be able to identify certain conditions.) -
ANSWER ✓ Presbyopia
What is a primary cause of Presbyopia? - ANSWER ✓ Hardening of the
crystalline lens
The ability to accommodate can be identified as, _______? - ANSWER ✓ The
bulging or plussing of the crystalline lens of the eye when looking at near objects.
