Brooks Biodiversity
Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 Exam Study
Questions and Answers Graded A+ 2026
Plants Architecture -Correct Answer ✔Plant needs
i. collection & conversion of solar energy -> leaves
ii. positioning & support of leaves -> stems
iii. anchorage & absorption -> roots
iv. transport -> vascular system
Leaf Structure -Correct Answer ✔Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular
Bundle)
Epidermis contains what? -Correct Answer ✔- Cuticle
- Guard cells with Stomata
Epidermis -Correct Answer ✔outermost cell layer of a plant body
cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis
Cuticle -Correct Answer ✔Waxy waterproof covering of a plant.
Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation.
Guard Cells -Correct Answer ✔Responsible for opening and closing stomata.
Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange.
Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface
Stomata -Correct Answer ✔Small openings on the underside of a leaf through
which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on both surfaces.
Allows for gas exchange.
2 aspects of Photosynthesis -Correct Answer ✔light dependent reactions
light independent reactions
Mesophyll contains what? -Correct Answer ✔- Parenchyma
Brooks Biodiversity
,Brooks Biodiversity
- Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers
Mesophyll -Correct Answer ✔Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer.
Parenchyma -Correct Answer ✔Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll
Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Thin and flexible cells
Most common and versatile ground tissue
Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products
Palisade & Spongy layers -Correct Answer ✔Palisade layer: where light dependent
reactions occur, near the surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot plants.
Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has access to CO2
through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs, converting
nonorganic CO2 into sugars.
Vein (Vascular bundle) -Correct Answer ✔Transports materials throughout the leaf
and contains the xylem and phloem.
Separating the VB = damage.
Stem Structure -Correct Answer ✔Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma,
Sclerenchyma, Vascular Tissues
Xylem -Correct Answer ✔(Xylem Up)
Distributes water from roots throughout
Aimed towards stem
Red
Tells age of tree
Contains: tracheids & vessel members
Tracheids -Correct Answer ✔Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated,
tapered ends.
Vestigial structure
First kind of tube made
Brooks Biodiversity
, Brooks Biodiversity
Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and gymnosperms
(slow flow)
Vessel Members -Correct Answer ✔Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large
holes on end.
Clearly visible
Phloem -Correct Answer ✔(Phloem Down)
Distributes the products of photosynthesis (sugary water) to plants tissues.
Blue
Contains: Sieve tube members (element) & Companion cells
Sieve Tube Members -Correct Answer ✔hollow, living cells with perforated cells
Companion Cells -Correct Answer ✔living cells that help keep sieve tube member
cells alive.
Production of sugars in Kelvin Cycle require transportation done by companion
cells into phloem
Which 4 cell types is most active metabolically when fully functional? -Correct
Answer ✔companion cells
Epidermis in Trees -Correct Answer ✔is replaced by bark or cork. Produced by the
cork cambium (tissues that produce other tissues).
Cork (dead) = phloem (alive)
Cork cambium produces cork.
Trees grow wider cause xylem will get clogged
The cork is produced when? -Correct Answer ✔Secondary phloem
Composition of Bark -Correct Answer ✔is produced from phloem, cork cambium,
or cork.
Lenticels -Correct Answer ✔cracks in the bark to facilitate gas exchange
Brooks Biodiversity
Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 Exam Study
Questions and Answers Graded A+ 2026
Plants Architecture -Correct Answer ✔Plant needs
i. collection & conversion of solar energy -> leaves
ii. positioning & support of leaves -> stems
iii. anchorage & absorption -> roots
iv. transport -> vascular system
Leaf Structure -Correct Answer ✔Epidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular
Bundle)
Epidermis contains what? -Correct Answer ✔- Cuticle
- Guard cells with Stomata
Epidermis -Correct Answer ✔outermost cell layer of a plant body
cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis
Cuticle -Correct Answer ✔Waxy waterproof covering of a plant.
Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation.
Guard Cells -Correct Answer ✔Responsible for opening and closing stomata.
Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange.
Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface
Stomata -Correct Answer ✔Small openings on the underside of a leaf through
which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move.
Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on both surfaces.
Allows for gas exchange.
2 aspects of Photosynthesis -Correct Answer ✔light dependent reactions
light independent reactions
Mesophyll contains what? -Correct Answer ✔- Parenchyma
Brooks Biodiversity
,Brooks Biodiversity
- Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers
Mesophyll -Correct Answer ✔Middle leaf structures photosynthetic layer.
Parenchyma -Correct Answer ✔Ground tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll
Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma
Thin and flexible cells
Most common and versatile ground tissue
Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products
Palisade & Spongy layers -Correct Answer ✔Palisade layer: where light dependent
reactions occur, near the surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot plants.
Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has access to CO2
through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs, converting
nonorganic CO2 into sugars.
Vein (Vascular bundle) -Correct Answer ✔Transports materials throughout the leaf
and contains the xylem and phloem.
Separating the VB = damage.
Stem Structure -Correct Answer ✔Epidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma,
Sclerenchyma, Vascular Tissues
Xylem -Correct Answer ✔(Xylem Up)
Distributes water from roots throughout
Aimed towards stem
Red
Tells age of tree
Contains: tracheids & vessel members
Tracheids -Correct Answer ✔Thin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated,
tapered ends.
Vestigial structure
First kind of tube made
Brooks Biodiversity
, Brooks Biodiversity
Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and gymnosperms
(slow flow)
Vessel Members -Correct Answer ✔Thick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large
holes on end.
Clearly visible
Phloem -Correct Answer ✔(Phloem Down)
Distributes the products of photosynthesis (sugary water) to plants tissues.
Blue
Contains: Sieve tube members (element) & Companion cells
Sieve Tube Members -Correct Answer ✔hollow, living cells with perforated cells
Companion Cells -Correct Answer ✔living cells that help keep sieve tube member
cells alive.
Production of sugars in Kelvin Cycle require transportation done by companion
cells into phloem
Which 4 cell types is most active metabolically when fully functional? -Correct
Answer ✔companion cells
Epidermis in Trees -Correct Answer ✔is replaced by bark or cork. Produced by the
cork cambium (tissues that produce other tissues).
Cork (dead) = phloem (alive)
Cork cambium produces cork.
Trees grow wider cause xylem will get clogged
The cork is produced when? -Correct Answer ✔Secondary phloem
Composition of Bark -Correct Answer ✔is produced from phloem, cork cambium,
or cork.
Lenticels -Correct Answer ✔cracks in the bark to facilitate gas exchange
Brooks Biodiversity
