NSG 5140 Adv Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update
1. Purulent exudates usually contain:
a. small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water
b. red blood cells & all types of white blood cells
c. numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris
d. large amounts of water containing a few cells - Correct Answer: c.
numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris
2. Isoenzymes in the circulating blood:
a. are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood
b. often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response
c. are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory
response
d. are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever - Correct Answer: b. often
indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response
3. A serous exudate is best described as a:
a. thin, watery, colorless exudate
b. thick, sticky, cloudy secretion
c. thick, greenish material containing microbes
d. brownish, clotted material - Correct Answer: a. thin, watery,
colorless exudate
,4. Systemic manifestations of an inflammatory response include:
a. edema and erythema
b. area of necrosis and loss of function
c. pain and tenderness
d. elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis - Correct Answer: d.
elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis
5. Indicators of a general inflammatory response would include:
a. high, spiking fever and chills
b. elevated C-reactive protein
c. leukopenia and reduced ESR
d. elevated ALT and CK-MB - Correct Answer: b. elevated C-reactive
protein
6. Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone may cause:
atrophy of lymphoid tissue
increased resistance to infection
thrombocytopenia
decreased protein synthesis
a. 1, 2
b. 1, 3
c. 1, 4
d. 2, 4 - Correct Answer: c. 1,4
7. Application of ice to an injured knee reduces edema by:
a. promoting return of lymph fluid
b. causing local vasoconstriction
c. increasing the rate of tissue repair
d. causing systemic vasodilatation - Correct Answer: b. causing local
vasoconstriction
,8. Healing of large areas of skin loss (including dermis and epidermis) would
be most successful through:
a. rapid mitosis and regeneration of skin layers
b. resolution of damaged cells in the area
c. covering the area with biosynthetic skin substitute
d. graft of fibrous tissue to the area - Correct Answer: c. covering
the area with biosynthetic skin substitute
9. Prostaglandins are produced from ___________ and cause ___________.
a. activated plasma protein; increased capillary permeability
b. mast cells; vasodilatation and pain
c. platelets; attraction of neutrophils, chemotaxis
d. mast cell granules; activation of histamines and kinins - Correct
Answer: b. mast cells; vasodilation and pain
10.The number of neutrophils in the blood is increased significantly:
a. during allergic reactions
b. during chronic inflammation
c. to produce antibodies
d. in order to promote phagocytosis - Correct Answer: d. in order to
promote phagocytosis
11.An abscess contains:
a. serous exudate
b. purulent exudate
c. fibrinous exudate
d. hemorrhagic exudate - Correct Answer: b. purulent exudate
, 12.Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses are called:
a. neutrophils
b. macrophages
c. interferons
d. pyrogens - Correct Answer: c. interferons
13.Causes of inflammation include:
a. direct physical damage such as cuts and sprains
b. ischemia or infarction
c. allergic reactions
d. infection
e. all the above - Correct Answer: e. all of the above
14.In normal capillary exchange, what is net hydrostatic pressure based on?
a. the difference between the hydrostatic pressure within the capillary,
as compared with the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid
b. the relative osmotic pressures in the blood and the interstitial fluid
c. the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic
pressure within the capillary
d. the difference between the concentrations of blood cells, plasma
proteins, and dissolved substances in the blood and the interstitial
fluid - Correct Answer: a. the difference between the hydrostatic
pressure within the capillary, as compared with the hydrostatic
pressure of the interstitial fluid
15.The cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. redness
b. loss of function
c. nausea
d. swelling
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With ELABORATED
100% Correct COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update
1. Purulent exudates usually contain:
a. small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water
b. red blood cells & all types of white blood cells
c. numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris
d. large amounts of water containing a few cells - Correct Answer: c.
numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris
2. Isoenzymes in the circulating blood:
a. are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood
b. often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response
c. are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory
response
d. are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever - Correct Answer: b. often
indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response
3. A serous exudate is best described as a:
a. thin, watery, colorless exudate
b. thick, sticky, cloudy secretion
c. thick, greenish material containing microbes
d. brownish, clotted material - Correct Answer: a. thin, watery,
colorless exudate
,4. Systemic manifestations of an inflammatory response include:
a. edema and erythema
b. area of necrosis and loss of function
c. pain and tenderness
d. elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis - Correct Answer: d.
elevated C-reactive protein and leukocytosis
5. Indicators of a general inflammatory response would include:
a. high, spiking fever and chills
b. elevated C-reactive protein
c. leukopenia and reduced ESR
d. elevated ALT and CK-MB - Correct Answer: b. elevated C-reactive
protein
6. Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone may cause:
atrophy of lymphoid tissue
increased resistance to infection
thrombocytopenia
decreased protein synthesis
a. 1, 2
b. 1, 3
c. 1, 4
d. 2, 4 - Correct Answer: c. 1,4
7. Application of ice to an injured knee reduces edema by:
a. promoting return of lymph fluid
b. causing local vasoconstriction
c. increasing the rate of tissue repair
d. causing systemic vasodilatation - Correct Answer: b. causing local
vasoconstriction
,8. Healing of large areas of skin loss (including dermis and epidermis) would
be most successful through:
a. rapid mitosis and regeneration of skin layers
b. resolution of damaged cells in the area
c. covering the area with biosynthetic skin substitute
d. graft of fibrous tissue to the area - Correct Answer: c. covering
the area with biosynthetic skin substitute
9. Prostaglandins are produced from ___________ and cause ___________.
a. activated plasma protein; increased capillary permeability
b. mast cells; vasodilatation and pain
c. platelets; attraction of neutrophils, chemotaxis
d. mast cell granules; activation of histamines and kinins - Correct
Answer: b. mast cells; vasodilation and pain
10.The number of neutrophils in the blood is increased significantly:
a. during allergic reactions
b. during chronic inflammation
c. to produce antibodies
d. in order to promote phagocytosis - Correct Answer: d. in order to
promote phagocytosis
11.An abscess contains:
a. serous exudate
b. purulent exudate
c. fibrinous exudate
d. hemorrhagic exudate - Correct Answer: b. purulent exudate
, 12.Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses are called:
a. neutrophils
b. macrophages
c. interferons
d. pyrogens - Correct Answer: c. interferons
13.Causes of inflammation include:
a. direct physical damage such as cuts and sprains
b. ischemia or infarction
c. allergic reactions
d. infection
e. all the above - Correct Answer: e. all of the above
14.In normal capillary exchange, what is net hydrostatic pressure based on?
a. the difference between the hydrostatic pressure within the capillary,
as compared with the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid
b. the relative osmotic pressures in the blood and the interstitial fluid
c. the difference between the hydrostatic pressure and osmotic
pressure within the capillary
d. the difference between the concentrations of blood cells, plasma
proteins, and dissolved substances in the blood and the interstitial
fluid - Correct Answer: a. the difference between the hydrostatic
pressure within the capillary, as compared with the hydrostatic
pressure of the interstitial fluid
15.The cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. redness
b. loss of function
c. nausea
d. swelling
