Marine Biology Exam 1 Complete Revision Guide –
Key Concepts, Practice Questions, 100% Correct
Answers, and Expert Tips for Maximum Exam
Performance
Algae - ANSW✔-eukaryotic autotrophs that lack the structural features(true leaves, roots, and stems)
of plants (both unicellular and multicellular)
Multicellular Algae are ___ - ANSW✔-Seaweed (also macroalgae)
Thallus - ANSW✔-the body of the seaweed
Blades - ANSW✔-leaf-like, flattened portion of the thallus
Pneumatocysts - ANSW✔-gas-filled bladders
Stipe - ANSW✔-stem-like structure to provide support
Holdfast - ANSW✔-attaches the thallus to the bottom
Green algae is green due to - ANSW✔-chlorophyll
Brown algae is olive green to dark brown due to - ANSW✔-mainly fucozanthin
,Red algae is red due to - ANSW✔-phycobilin
Phycocolloids - ANSW✔-gelatinous chemicals (such as algin, carrageenan, and agar)
Flowering plants (angiosperms) - ANSW✔-have true leaves, stems, and roots, as well as tissue that
transports water, nutrients, and food produced by photosynthesis (autotroph). can sexually and
asexually reproduce.
Seagrasses - ANSW✔-flowering plants that can be fully submerged, have rhizomes, sexually produce
with flowers and asexually reproduce by extending rhizomes in the sediment
Salt-marsh plant - ANSW✔-Salt-tollerent, includes cordgrasses, pickleweed, salt grasses, and rushes
Mangroves - ANSW✔-Trees and shrubs that grow in tropical and subtropical coastal areas, vivipary
Vivipary - ANSW✔-plant offspring that begins to grow while still attached to the plant
Rhizomes - ANSW✔-Horizontal stems that commonly grow beneath the surface (roots and erect
leaves grow from them)
* Why are multicellular algae not all green, but a variety of colors? - ANSW✔-Algae are a variety of
colors due to the photosynthetic pigments they have. All algae have chlorophyll (which makes it green),
but some algae also have accessory photosynthetic pigments which mask the color of the chlorophyll.
These pigments absorb light from the sun in different wavelengths, which in tandem have different
visible light spectrums, making the colors change.
Microorganisms (microbes) - ANSW✔-very small/microscopic organisms with simple structures
(includes viruses, bacteria, archea, unicellular algae, protozoans, fungi)
Viruses - ANSW✔-non-cellular particles containing nucleic acid but unable to produce without
infecting living cells
, Nucleic acid - ANSW✔-Organic compounds that consist of a simple sugar joined to molecules known as
nitrogen bases (which contain nitrogen and phosphorus)
Capsid - ANSW✔-Outer protein coat of a virus
Bacteriophage - ANSW✔-specifically target and destroy bacteria (important in marine life
Prokayote - ANSW✔-single celled organism lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
Contents of a Prokaryote - ANSW✔-Cell wall (protective structure), Cell (plasma) membrane
(surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell), Cytoplasm (gelatinous contents of a cell), Cytoskeleton
(interlinking protein filaments that support the cell), Ribosomes (organelle where a cell's proteins are
made), DNA
Autotroph - ANSW✔-organism that can produce its own nutrients (through photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis)
Heterotroph - ANSW✔-organism that cannot produce its own nutrients
Bacteria - ANSW✔-prokaryotic, unicellular microorganisms, cell walls contain muramic acid
Cyanobacteria - ANSW✔-photosynthetic bacteria
Chlorophyll - ANSW✔-Green Pigment
Phycocyanin - ANSW✔-Blueish pigment
Phycoeythrin - ANSW✔-reddish pigment
Key Concepts, Practice Questions, 100% Correct
Answers, and Expert Tips for Maximum Exam
Performance
Algae - ANSW✔-eukaryotic autotrophs that lack the structural features(true leaves, roots, and stems)
of plants (both unicellular and multicellular)
Multicellular Algae are ___ - ANSW✔-Seaweed (also macroalgae)
Thallus - ANSW✔-the body of the seaweed
Blades - ANSW✔-leaf-like, flattened portion of the thallus
Pneumatocysts - ANSW✔-gas-filled bladders
Stipe - ANSW✔-stem-like structure to provide support
Holdfast - ANSW✔-attaches the thallus to the bottom
Green algae is green due to - ANSW✔-chlorophyll
Brown algae is olive green to dark brown due to - ANSW✔-mainly fucozanthin
,Red algae is red due to - ANSW✔-phycobilin
Phycocolloids - ANSW✔-gelatinous chemicals (such as algin, carrageenan, and agar)
Flowering plants (angiosperms) - ANSW✔-have true leaves, stems, and roots, as well as tissue that
transports water, nutrients, and food produced by photosynthesis (autotroph). can sexually and
asexually reproduce.
Seagrasses - ANSW✔-flowering plants that can be fully submerged, have rhizomes, sexually produce
with flowers and asexually reproduce by extending rhizomes in the sediment
Salt-marsh plant - ANSW✔-Salt-tollerent, includes cordgrasses, pickleweed, salt grasses, and rushes
Mangroves - ANSW✔-Trees and shrubs that grow in tropical and subtropical coastal areas, vivipary
Vivipary - ANSW✔-plant offspring that begins to grow while still attached to the plant
Rhizomes - ANSW✔-Horizontal stems that commonly grow beneath the surface (roots and erect
leaves grow from them)
* Why are multicellular algae not all green, but a variety of colors? - ANSW✔-Algae are a variety of
colors due to the photosynthetic pigments they have. All algae have chlorophyll (which makes it green),
but some algae also have accessory photosynthetic pigments which mask the color of the chlorophyll.
These pigments absorb light from the sun in different wavelengths, which in tandem have different
visible light spectrums, making the colors change.
Microorganisms (microbes) - ANSW✔-very small/microscopic organisms with simple structures
(includes viruses, bacteria, archea, unicellular algae, protozoans, fungi)
Viruses - ANSW✔-non-cellular particles containing nucleic acid but unable to produce without
infecting living cells
, Nucleic acid - ANSW✔-Organic compounds that consist of a simple sugar joined to molecules known as
nitrogen bases (which contain nitrogen and phosphorus)
Capsid - ANSW✔-Outer protein coat of a virus
Bacteriophage - ANSW✔-specifically target and destroy bacteria (important in marine life
Prokayote - ANSW✔-single celled organism lacking a nucleus and most other organelles
Contents of a Prokaryote - ANSW✔-Cell wall (protective structure), Cell (plasma) membrane
(surrounds the cytoplasm of the cell), Cytoplasm (gelatinous contents of a cell), Cytoskeleton
(interlinking protein filaments that support the cell), Ribosomes (organelle where a cell's proteins are
made), DNA
Autotroph - ANSW✔-organism that can produce its own nutrients (through photosynthesis or
chemosynthesis)
Heterotroph - ANSW✔-organism that cannot produce its own nutrients
Bacteria - ANSW✔-prokaryotic, unicellular microorganisms, cell walls contain muramic acid
Cyanobacteria - ANSW✔-photosynthetic bacteria
Chlorophyll - ANSW✔-Green Pigment
Phycocyanin - ANSW✔-Blueish pigment
Phycoeythrin - ANSW✔-reddish pigment
