PHR 2500 Final Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
What are the four stages of the Drug System? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- research
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and development
|
- regulatory review
| |
- manufacturing, marketing and distribution
| | | |
- medication use
| |
What are CGMPs? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-CGMP stands for Current Good
| | | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing Practice. These regulations are enforced by the FDA and assure
| | | | | | | | | | |
proper design, monitoring and control of manufacturing processes and facilities.
| | | | | | | | | |
Adherence assures the identity, strength, quality and purity of drug products.
| | | | | | | | | |
Does a drug company typically spend more money on research and development
| | | | | | | | | | | |
or on marketing? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-research and development
| | | | | | |
What are the four ways drug companies market drugs to health care
| | | | | | | | | | | |
professionals (primarily the doctors who prescribe drugs)? What is the term for
| | | | | | | | | | | |
advertising to non-healthcare professional? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- detailing
| | | | | | | |
(providing info on the drug and persuading doctors to prescribe it)
| | | | | | | | | |
- gifting (small items such as pens or clipboards with the drug's advertisement are
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|given to physicians)
| |
- samples (bringing doctors free medication samples)
| | | | | |
,- sponsoring professional meetings and events (companies will sponsor these to
| | | | | | | | | | |
continue ongoing requirements for continuing medical education)
| | | | | |
Advertising to non-healthcare professionals is called Direct to Consumers
| | | | | | | | |
Advertising (DCTA). |
What are the four prescription drug advertising "musts"? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-- accuracy |
- balancing risk and benefit information
| | | | |
- consistency with FDA approved prescribing information
| | | | | |
- only including information that is supported by evidence or clinical experience.
| | | | | | | | | | |
What are the two classes of drug distribution in the U.S.? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. | | | | |
By permitting some drugs to be sold over-the-counter (available without a
| | | | | | | | | | |
prescription on the retailer's shelf), how does this empower patients? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Permitting OTC drugs empowers the consumer with a wide variety | | | | | | | | | |
of safe and effective drugs at competitive prices. This fills the demands of access
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
and affordability within the healthcare system.
| | | | |
What are the five components of the drug distribution process? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-1. suppliers (ingredients are supplied) | | | |
2. manufacturing plant (combines ingredients)
| | | |
3. wholesaler distributor (products stored in a warehouse)
| | | | | | |
4. pharmacy or hospitals (order large quantities of the drugs)
| | | | | | | | |
5. patients (drugs are administered to them)
| | | | | |
,What does universal health care mean? Does the U.S. have universal health care?
| | | | | | | | | | | |
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Universal health care refers to a health care plan where
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
all citizens are entitled to receive health care services. The U.S. does not have
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
universal healthcare. |
Most health care in the U.S. is provided by which sector, public or private. Are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
most hospitals for-profit or nonprofit? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Most health care
| | | | | | | | | |
in the U.S. is provided by the private sector and most hospitals are non-profit.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Which high-income country spends the most on health care per person? How
| | | | | | | | | | | |
much does the U.S. spend annually per capita on health care? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-The U.S. spends the most on health care per person, spending | | | | | | | | | | |
about $10,000 per capita. | | |
Among high-income countries, on which health outcome measures does the U.S.
| | | | | | | | | | |
perform well? On which outcomes does the U.S. perform the worst? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-The U.S. performs well when considering cancer survival rates | | | | | | | | |
(treating cancer) and smoking rates. However, our life expectancy, disease
| | | | | | | | | |
burden, overall mortality rates, health care cost and more perform much worse
| | | | | | | | | | | |
compared to other countries. | | |
Why are health care costs so high in the U.S. compared to other countries? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Health care costs are high in the U.S. compared to other
| | | | | | | | | | | |
countries because of: | | |
- malpractice and defensive medicine
| | | |
- high salaries
| |
- insurance and administrative costs
| | | |
, - high drug costs
| | |
- less negotiating between insurance companies/government and healthcare
| | | | | | | |
providers.
What is managed care? Is this type of care common? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Managed care is a system of healthcare where patients agree to only visit specific
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
doctors and hospitals and the cost of treatment is monitored by a managing
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
company. This type of care is common as 75% of insured citizens have managed
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
care.
Public health department services differ from medical care in that medical care is
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
directed at the health of individual patients and public health services are
| | | | | | | | | | | |
directed toward _________________? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-community
| | | | | |
health
What is the difference between the inpatient and outpatient setting? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-- Inpatient refers to a procedure that requires the patient to be
| | | | | | | | | | | |
admitted into the hospital or a long term care facility.
| | | | | | | | | |
- Outpatient refers to a procedure that does not require hospital admission but
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
can be done either on hospital premises or outside of hospital premises.
| | | | | | | | | | |
List at least 6 types of outpatient health care settings. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
private practice |
- hospital outpatient clinics
| | |
- telephone triage
| |
- home care
| |
- hospice care
| |
Correct Answers
What are the four stages of the Drug System? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- research
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and development
|
- regulatory review
| |
- manufacturing, marketing and distribution
| | | |
- medication use
| |
What are CGMPs? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-CGMP stands for Current Good
| | | | | | | | | |
Manufacturing Practice. These regulations are enforced by the FDA and assure
| | | | | | | | | | |
proper design, monitoring and control of manufacturing processes and facilities.
| | | | | | | | | |
Adherence assures the identity, strength, quality and purity of drug products.
| | | | | | | | | |
Does a drug company typically spend more money on research and development
| | | | | | | | | | | |
or on marketing? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-research and development
| | | | | | |
What are the four ways drug companies market drugs to health care
| | | | | | | | | | | |
professionals (primarily the doctors who prescribe drugs)? What is the term for
| | | | | | | | | | | |
advertising to non-healthcare professional? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- detailing
| | | | | | | |
(providing info on the drug and persuading doctors to prescribe it)
| | | | | | | | | |
- gifting (small items such as pens or clipboards with the drug's advertisement are
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
|given to physicians)
| |
- samples (bringing doctors free medication samples)
| | | | | |
,- sponsoring professional meetings and events (companies will sponsor these to
| | | | | | | | | | |
continue ongoing requirements for continuing medical education)
| | | | | |
Advertising to non-healthcare professionals is called Direct to Consumers
| | | | | | | | |
Advertising (DCTA). |
What are the four prescription drug advertising "musts"? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-- accuracy |
- balancing risk and benefit information
| | | | |
- consistency with FDA approved prescribing information
| | | | | |
- only including information that is supported by evidence or clinical experience.
| | | | | | | | | | |
What are the two classes of drug distribution in the U.S.? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-prescription drugs and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. | | | | |
By permitting some drugs to be sold over-the-counter (available without a
| | | | | | | | | | |
prescription on the retailer's shelf), how does this empower patients? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Permitting OTC drugs empowers the consumer with a wide variety | | | | | | | | | |
of safe and effective drugs at competitive prices. This fills the demands of access
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
and affordability within the healthcare system.
| | | | |
What are the five components of the drug distribution process? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-1. suppliers (ingredients are supplied) | | | |
2. manufacturing plant (combines ingredients)
| | | |
3. wholesaler distributor (products stored in a warehouse)
| | | | | | |
4. pharmacy or hospitals (order large quantities of the drugs)
| | | | | | | | |
5. patients (drugs are administered to them)
| | | | | |
,What does universal health care mean? Does the U.S. have universal health care?
| | | | | | | | | | | |
- CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Universal health care refers to a health care plan where
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
all citizens are entitled to receive health care services. The U.S. does not have
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
universal healthcare. |
Most health care in the U.S. is provided by which sector, public or private. Are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
most hospitals for-profit or nonprofit? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Most health care
| | | | | | | | | |
in the U.S. is provided by the private sector and most hospitals are non-profit.
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Which high-income country spends the most on health care per person? How
| | | | | | | | | | | |
much does the U.S. spend annually per capita on health care? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-The U.S. spends the most on health care per person, spending | | | | | | | | | | |
about $10,000 per capita. | | |
Among high-income countries, on which health outcome measures does the U.S.
| | | | | | | | | | |
perform well? On which outcomes does the U.S. perform the worst? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-The U.S. performs well when considering cancer survival rates | | | | | | | | |
(treating cancer) and smoking rates. However, our life expectancy, disease
| | | | | | | | | |
burden, overall mortality rates, health care cost and more perform much worse
| | | | | | | | | | | |
compared to other countries. | | |
Why are health care costs so high in the U.S. compared to other countries? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Health care costs are high in the U.S. compared to other
| | | | | | | | | | | |
countries because of: | | |
- malpractice and defensive medicine
| | | |
- high salaries
| |
- insurance and administrative costs
| | | |
, - high drug costs
| | |
- less negotiating between insurance companies/government and healthcare
| | | | | | | |
providers.
What is managed care? Is this type of care common? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Managed care is a system of healthcare where patients agree to only visit specific
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
doctors and hospitals and the cost of treatment is monitored by a managing
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
company. This type of care is common as 75% of insured citizens have managed
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
care.
Public health department services differ from medical care in that medical care is
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
directed at the health of individual patients and public health services are
| | | | | | | | | | | |
directed toward _________________? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-community
| | | | | |
health
What is the difference between the inpatient and outpatient setting? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-- Inpatient refers to a procedure that requires the patient to be
| | | | | | | | | | | |
admitted into the hospital or a long term care facility.
| | | | | | | | | |
- Outpatient refers to a procedure that does not require hospital admission but
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
can be done either on hospital premises or outside of hospital premises.
| | | | | | | | | | |
List at least 6 types of outpatient health care settings. - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
private practice |
- hospital outpatient clinics
| | |
- telephone triage
| |
- home care
| |
- hospice care
| |
