SPEX303 EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY TEST
2025 NEWEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
GUARANTEED ANSWERS ALREADY A
GRADE WITH RATIONALES
1. What role does NAD+ play in glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and the
electron transport chain? - ANSWER>>Glycolysis- hydrogen acceptor.
Citric acid cycle- electron acceptor ETC-
electron acceptor.
What is the efficiency of the aerobic degradation of glucose? -
ANSWER>>It is the final electron at the end of the ETC.
Name the rate limiting enzymes for the following metabolic pathways: ATP-
PC system, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain. -
ANSWER>>ATP-PC system- Creatine Kinase
Glycolysis- Phosphofructokinase
Citric Acid cycle- isocitrate dehydrogenase
ETC - cytochrome oxidase
Explain the chemiosmotic theory of ATP production. - ANSWER>>As
electrons are transferred along the cytochrome chain, the energy released
is used to "pump" hydrogens released from NADH and FADH from the
inside of the mitochondria across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
,Does ventilation increase with exercise? - ANSWER>>Fitness doesn't
increase ventilation
Type 1 Muscle Fibres - ANSWER>>Slow contraction time, small motor
neuron, highly resistant to fatigue, low force production but high
mitochondria and capillary density. Type 1 fibres are constantly working
underneath and used for aerobic activity.
Type 11a Fibres - ANSWER>>Moderately fast contraction time, medium
motor neuron, medium force production and used for long term anaerobic
activity <30min
Type 11x Fibres - ANSWER>>Fast contraction time, large motor neuron,
high force production. Used for short term anaerobic activity <5min
What are the 2 major benefits of size principle? - ANSWER>>1. Use
aerobic system (O2)
2. Finer Control
Is Cramp due to loss of sodium? - ANSWER>>People associate sodium
with cramp as it occurs when people have lost sodium and electrolytes.
However cramp is due to general fatigue, and a unaccustomed extent of
muscle usage as well as altered neuromuscular reflex.
The CNS limits motor output to prevent muscle being used too severely,
what are other potential limitations? - ANSWER>>Motor Cortex,
Descending motor tracts, Spinal Synapses, Neuromuscular junction etc
,If velocity is high...? - ANSWER>>Force is low, regardless of length
Optimal Power is a trade off between...? - ANSWER>>Force & Speed
What is Ergometry? - ANSWER>>The measurement of mechanical energy
production/work
An Ergometer is...? - ANSWER>>A device from which power and work can
be determined. There are many types and models.
Strength - ANSWER>>The maximum force that can be produced by a
muscle group in a single movement dependent on muscle size, fibre type
distribution, fibre orientation and neural/metabolic factors.
Energy - ANSWER>>Capacity to perform work
Power - ANSWER>>Rate of doing work (F-d/t)
Endurance - ANSWER>>Ability to maintain force/repeated contractions
over time
Efficiency equation - ANSWER>>Work rate/metabolic rate x 100
Mass - ANSWER>>Quantity of matter in a object
Force - ANSWER>>What changes/tends to change the state of rest or
motion in matter
, Work - ANSWER>>Product of force acting over certain displacment
Torque - ANSWER>>Rotational force exerted by a muscle group acting via
its tendons around a joint
Angular Velocity - ANSWER>>velocity of rotation
Air braked Ergometers - ANSWER>>-resistance increases exponentially
with cadence (rpm)
- resistance usually wind vanes to movement through air
- relatively cheap
- difficult to calibrate
Friction (mechanically) braked Ergometers - ANSWER>>- apply a known
mechanical resistance against flywheel - as cadence increases so does
work rate
- easy to use, calibrate and calculate
- good for field use
- limited precision of work rate control
- reduces reliability
Electromagnetically braked Ergometers - ANSWER>>- gold standard
ergometer
- resistance varies inversely with cadence
- wide power range and fine control over power
2025 NEWEST EXAM QUESTIONS AND
GUARANTEED ANSWERS ALREADY A
GRADE WITH RATIONALES
1. What role does NAD+ play in glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and the
electron transport chain? - ANSWER>>Glycolysis- hydrogen acceptor.
Citric acid cycle- electron acceptor ETC-
electron acceptor.
What is the efficiency of the aerobic degradation of glucose? -
ANSWER>>It is the final electron at the end of the ETC.
Name the rate limiting enzymes for the following metabolic pathways: ATP-
PC system, glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain. -
ANSWER>>ATP-PC system- Creatine Kinase
Glycolysis- Phosphofructokinase
Citric Acid cycle- isocitrate dehydrogenase
ETC - cytochrome oxidase
Explain the chemiosmotic theory of ATP production. - ANSWER>>As
electrons are transferred along the cytochrome chain, the energy released
is used to "pump" hydrogens released from NADH and FADH from the
inside of the mitochondria across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
,Does ventilation increase with exercise? - ANSWER>>Fitness doesn't
increase ventilation
Type 1 Muscle Fibres - ANSWER>>Slow contraction time, small motor
neuron, highly resistant to fatigue, low force production but high
mitochondria and capillary density. Type 1 fibres are constantly working
underneath and used for aerobic activity.
Type 11a Fibres - ANSWER>>Moderately fast contraction time, medium
motor neuron, medium force production and used for long term anaerobic
activity <30min
Type 11x Fibres - ANSWER>>Fast contraction time, large motor neuron,
high force production. Used for short term anaerobic activity <5min
What are the 2 major benefits of size principle? - ANSWER>>1. Use
aerobic system (O2)
2. Finer Control
Is Cramp due to loss of sodium? - ANSWER>>People associate sodium
with cramp as it occurs when people have lost sodium and electrolytes.
However cramp is due to general fatigue, and a unaccustomed extent of
muscle usage as well as altered neuromuscular reflex.
The CNS limits motor output to prevent muscle being used too severely,
what are other potential limitations? - ANSWER>>Motor Cortex,
Descending motor tracts, Spinal Synapses, Neuromuscular junction etc
,If velocity is high...? - ANSWER>>Force is low, regardless of length
Optimal Power is a trade off between...? - ANSWER>>Force & Speed
What is Ergometry? - ANSWER>>The measurement of mechanical energy
production/work
An Ergometer is...? - ANSWER>>A device from which power and work can
be determined. There are many types and models.
Strength - ANSWER>>The maximum force that can be produced by a
muscle group in a single movement dependent on muscle size, fibre type
distribution, fibre orientation and neural/metabolic factors.
Energy - ANSWER>>Capacity to perform work
Power - ANSWER>>Rate of doing work (F-d/t)
Endurance - ANSWER>>Ability to maintain force/repeated contractions
over time
Efficiency equation - ANSWER>>Work rate/metabolic rate x 100
Mass - ANSWER>>Quantity of matter in a object
Force - ANSWER>>What changes/tends to change the state of rest or
motion in matter
, Work - ANSWER>>Product of force acting over certain displacment
Torque - ANSWER>>Rotational force exerted by a muscle group acting via
its tendons around a joint
Angular Velocity - ANSWER>>velocity of rotation
Air braked Ergometers - ANSWER>>-resistance increases exponentially
with cadence (rpm)
- resistance usually wind vanes to movement through air
- relatively cheap
- difficult to calibrate
Friction (mechanically) braked Ergometers - ANSWER>>- apply a known
mechanical resistance against flywheel - as cadence increases so does
work rate
- easy to use, calibrate and calculate
- good for field use
- limited precision of work rate control
- reduces reliability
Electromagnetically braked Ergometers - ANSWER>>- gold standard
ergometer
- resistance varies inversely with cadence
- wide power range and fine control over power
