RESPIRATORY THERAPEUTICS EXAM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND
PICTURES
What does the term Noninvasive Ventilation means?
-The technique of providing ventilatory assistance and adequate
oxygenation without an endotracheal tube
When talking about Noninvasive ventilation (CPAP) , what are
the two main types of support we can provide and how does it
work?
Ventilatory support: by changing minute ventilation and
frequency (RR x Vt= MV)
Oxygenation support: By changing mean airway pressure (MAP)
indirectly to inspiratory time
What does the term PEEP/EPAP means and purpose?
-a pressure set above atmospheric pressure
-To increase oxygenation
EPAP is just a term used with Noninvasive possitve pressure
ventilation (CPAP) which also means?
PEEP
What is the definition of CPAP?
-A method of ventilatory support while the patient is breathing
spontaneously without mechanical assistance against resistance
with a pressure maintain above atmospheric through breathing
What are some indication for CPAP?
-Refractory hypoxemia (Fio2 not maintained with Fio2 greater
than/equal to 60% .60)
-Congestive heart failure (CHF)
-Increased WOB
-Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
,When using a CPAP device, what is usually the initial setting
(Parameter and FiO2)?
Parameter: 5 to 15 cm H20
Fio2: as needed
When a patient is intubated, why do we automatically provide
a PEEP?
Because when intubated, the epiglottis is unable to close which
usually creates its own PEEP
What are two things that Positive End Expiratory pressure (PEEP)
can also increase?
-Functional residual capacity (FRC)
-Mean airway pressure (MAP)
What are some problems associated with CAP?
-Air leak
-Skin irritation
-Conjutivitis
-Erythema
-Mouth leak (dry air)
-Nose bleed
-Nasal congestion
What are two advantages of using a heated humidifier with a
CPAP machine? (passover humidifier/heated humidifier)
-Easy to clean
-Easy to use
What does BiPAP means?
A noninvasive mode of ventilatory support that allows separate
regulation/control of inspiration and expiration while patient is
breathing spontaneously
What does IPAP and EPAP means? and which devices provides
those settings?
-BiPAP
-IPAP: Inspiratory positive airway pressure
-EPAP: Expiratory positive airway pressure
, Explain how the process of BiPAP works?
Pt will start an spontaneous breath, once the maximum
inspiratory pressure is reached, it's then maintained for a bit,
and then back to baseline
When talking about the two settings of BiPAP (IPAP/EPAP),
which one controls CO2 removal and which one controls
Oxygenation/increase FRC?
IPAP = CO2
EPAP= Oxygenation/FRC
When talking about BiPAP, there is something called Pressure
support, what does that mean?
The pressure between IPAP and EPAP
Meaning, IPAP-EPAP= Pressure support
BiPAP is a brand but it's also a form of Noninvasive ventilation,
the term BiPAP also has 4 different abbreviation which all mean
the same, what are those 4 abbreviation?
-BPAP
-NIPPV
-NPPV
-NIV
when talking about PCO2, when pressure support increases,
PCO2 and WOB ____?
decreases
What are some indications for the used of BiPAP?
-CHF/COPD exacerbation
-Hypercapnic Respiratory failure (usually COPD Ex)
-Central sleep apnea
-Obstructive sleep apnea
-Increased WOB
-Hypoventilation due to neuromuscular disorder
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS AND
PICTURES
What does the term Noninvasive Ventilation means?
-The technique of providing ventilatory assistance and adequate
oxygenation without an endotracheal tube
When talking about Noninvasive ventilation (CPAP) , what are
the two main types of support we can provide and how does it
work?
Ventilatory support: by changing minute ventilation and
frequency (RR x Vt= MV)
Oxygenation support: By changing mean airway pressure (MAP)
indirectly to inspiratory time
What does the term PEEP/EPAP means and purpose?
-a pressure set above atmospheric pressure
-To increase oxygenation
EPAP is just a term used with Noninvasive possitve pressure
ventilation (CPAP) which also means?
PEEP
What is the definition of CPAP?
-A method of ventilatory support while the patient is breathing
spontaneously without mechanical assistance against resistance
with a pressure maintain above atmospheric through breathing
What are some indication for CPAP?
-Refractory hypoxemia (Fio2 not maintained with Fio2 greater
than/equal to 60% .60)
-Congestive heart failure (CHF)
-Increased WOB
-Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
,When using a CPAP device, what is usually the initial setting
(Parameter and FiO2)?
Parameter: 5 to 15 cm H20
Fio2: as needed
When a patient is intubated, why do we automatically provide
a PEEP?
Because when intubated, the epiglottis is unable to close which
usually creates its own PEEP
What are two things that Positive End Expiratory pressure (PEEP)
can also increase?
-Functional residual capacity (FRC)
-Mean airway pressure (MAP)
What are some problems associated with CAP?
-Air leak
-Skin irritation
-Conjutivitis
-Erythema
-Mouth leak (dry air)
-Nose bleed
-Nasal congestion
What are two advantages of using a heated humidifier with a
CPAP machine? (passover humidifier/heated humidifier)
-Easy to clean
-Easy to use
What does BiPAP means?
A noninvasive mode of ventilatory support that allows separate
regulation/control of inspiration and expiration while patient is
breathing spontaneously
What does IPAP and EPAP means? and which devices provides
those settings?
-BiPAP
-IPAP: Inspiratory positive airway pressure
-EPAP: Expiratory positive airway pressure
, Explain how the process of BiPAP works?
Pt will start an spontaneous breath, once the maximum
inspiratory pressure is reached, it's then maintained for a bit,
and then back to baseline
When talking about the two settings of BiPAP (IPAP/EPAP),
which one controls CO2 removal and which one controls
Oxygenation/increase FRC?
IPAP = CO2
EPAP= Oxygenation/FRC
When talking about BiPAP, there is something called Pressure
support, what does that mean?
The pressure between IPAP and EPAP
Meaning, IPAP-EPAP= Pressure support
BiPAP is a brand but it's also a form of Noninvasive ventilation,
the term BiPAP also has 4 different abbreviation which all mean
the same, what are those 4 abbreviation?
-BPAP
-NIPPV
-NPPV
-NIV
when talking about PCO2, when pressure support increases,
PCO2 and WOB ____?
decreases
What are some indications for the used of BiPAP?
-CHF/COPD exacerbation
-Hypercapnic Respiratory failure (usually COPD Ex)
-Central sleep apnea
-Obstructive sleep apnea
-Increased WOB
-Hypoventilation due to neuromuscular disorder
