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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)
Information Technology refers to the use of computers, software, networks, and
systems to collect, process, store, secure, and share information.
Why IT is important
• Improves business efficiency
• Enables communication (email, cloud, apps)
• Supports decision-making using data
• Protects information through cybersecurity
IT PROFESSIONAL ROLES
System Administrator
• Maintains entire computer systems
• Installs and updates OS/software
• Ensures systems are running properly
Example: Fixing a server crash
Network Administrator
, • Manages computer networks
• Configures routers, switches, Wi-Fi
• Ensures internet connectivity and security
Database Administrator (DBA)
• Designs and manages databases
• Ensures data is secure and backed up
• Optimizes database performance
Security Administrator
• Protects systems from cyberattacks
• Installs firewalls and security tools
• Monitors threats and vulnerabilities
Web Administrator
• Maintains websites and servers
• Updates content and fixes errors
• Ensures uptime and security
IT Support (Help Desk)
• Assists users with technical issues
• Password resets, troubleshooting
• First-level IT support
,INFORMATION AND DATA
Data
Raw facts with no meaning
Example: 100, John, 50
Information
Processed data with meaning
Example: John scored 50 marks
DIKW MODEL
Data → Information → Knowledge → Wisdom
• Data: raw facts
• Information: processed data
• Knowledge: applied information
• Wisdom: understanding WHY and making decisions
Example:
Grades → report → performance understanding → career advice
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
A system that combines:
• People
• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Networks
, Used to manage organizational information.
IPOS CYCLE
Input
Data entered into system
Processing
CPU processes data
Output
Results shown to user
Storage
Data saved permanently
COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• Hardware (physical parts)
• Software (programs)
• Networks (connections)
• Users (people)
CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT)
Control Unit (CU)
• Directs operations
• Sends instructions