BIOL 235 Midterm 1 Questions and Answers
(Guaranteed Pass Resource)
‣ Anatomy is the study of structure while physiology is the study of
what? -✓✓Physiology is the study of function and how the body part
does what it does
‣ Explain your understanding of homeostasis. Note the difference
between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). In
addition to blood plasma, what constitutes the ECF? -✓✓Homeostasis is
the body's tendency to maintain a certain internal environment. The
body's internal environment is extracellular fluid which contains blood
plasma and interstitial fluid. extracellular fluid is everything inside the
body but outside the cell. Intracellular fluid is fluid within the cells
‣ List 5 factors/homeostatic balances in the body need to be maintained
within certain limits. Why must these factors be maintained? -
✓✓oxygen lvls, glucose lvls, temperature, pH, salt and water. these
factors must be maintained because our body can only function in a
certain range.
‣ For each of the five factors you listed, mention one body systems
involved with their homeostasis. -✓✓oxygen lvl- respiratory, glucose
lvls- digestive, temperature- circulatory, pH- respiratory, salt and water-
urinary
‣ Draw an animal cell including the following structures: cell membrane,
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and
lysosomes. -✓✓DRAW ON PAPER!
‣ In what part of the cell are chromosomes located? -✓✓the nucleus
‣ What is the function of ribosomes? Rough endoplasmic reticulum and
Golgi apparatus? -✓✓•ribosomes is where proteins are made
, •rough ER is stubbed with ribosomes and responsible for assembly of
proteins
•golgi apparatus- modify, transport, sorting molecules
‣ Briefly, what is the mitochondria? Lysosomes? -✓✓•mitochondria-
where ATP is made
•lysosome- responsible for waste
‣ Explain the difference between desmosomes and tight junctions. Fig.
3.8 -✓✓DESMOSOMES anchor cells to each other and TIGHT
JUNCTION anchor cells and prevent fluid and molecules from moving
between cells
‣ What type of molecules can pass freely through the lipid-bilayer part of
the cell membrane? What properties determine if a molecule will pass
through? Fig. 5.7 -✓✓hydrophobic molecules can pass freely.
concentration gradient determines if the molecule will pass freely
‣ Explain what a concentration gradient is. Can molecules flow up their
concentration gradient? Explain. -✓✓Concentration gradient is the
difference in concentration of a substance in two places. One side is high
and the other is low in concentration. Molecules can flow up their
concentration gradient. Flowing against it requires active transport
because energy is needed for the substance that is low in one place to
move on to the higher concentration side.
‣ Besides structural, list 3 other functions of membrane proteins. Fig. 5.8
-✓✓can be catalyst, receptors, and transporters
‣ Explain the difference between facilitative diffusion and simple
diffusion. -✓✓facilitative diffusion requires protein transporter while
simple diffusion doesn't
(Guaranteed Pass Resource)
‣ Anatomy is the study of structure while physiology is the study of
what? -✓✓Physiology is the study of function and how the body part
does what it does
‣ Explain your understanding of homeostasis. Note the difference
between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). In
addition to blood plasma, what constitutes the ECF? -✓✓Homeostasis is
the body's tendency to maintain a certain internal environment. The
body's internal environment is extracellular fluid which contains blood
plasma and interstitial fluid. extracellular fluid is everything inside the
body but outside the cell. Intracellular fluid is fluid within the cells
‣ List 5 factors/homeostatic balances in the body need to be maintained
within certain limits. Why must these factors be maintained? -
✓✓oxygen lvls, glucose lvls, temperature, pH, salt and water. these
factors must be maintained because our body can only function in a
certain range.
‣ For each of the five factors you listed, mention one body systems
involved with their homeostasis. -✓✓oxygen lvl- respiratory, glucose
lvls- digestive, temperature- circulatory, pH- respiratory, salt and water-
urinary
‣ Draw an animal cell including the following structures: cell membrane,
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria and
lysosomes. -✓✓DRAW ON PAPER!
‣ In what part of the cell are chromosomes located? -✓✓the nucleus
‣ What is the function of ribosomes? Rough endoplasmic reticulum and
Golgi apparatus? -✓✓•ribosomes is where proteins are made
, •rough ER is stubbed with ribosomes and responsible for assembly of
proteins
•golgi apparatus- modify, transport, sorting molecules
‣ Briefly, what is the mitochondria? Lysosomes? -✓✓•mitochondria-
where ATP is made
•lysosome- responsible for waste
‣ Explain the difference between desmosomes and tight junctions. Fig.
3.8 -✓✓DESMOSOMES anchor cells to each other and TIGHT
JUNCTION anchor cells and prevent fluid and molecules from moving
between cells
‣ What type of molecules can pass freely through the lipid-bilayer part of
the cell membrane? What properties determine if a molecule will pass
through? Fig. 5.7 -✓✓hydrophobic molecules can pass freely.
concentration gradient determines if the molecule will pass freely
‣ Explain what a concentration gradient is. Can molecules flow up their
concentration gradient? Explain. -✓✓Concentration gradient is the
difference in concentration of a substance in two places. One side is high
and the other is low in concentration. Molecules can flow up their
concentration gradient. Flowing against it requires active transport
because energy is needed for the substance that is low in one place to
move on to the higher concentration side.
‣ Besides structural, list 3 other functions of membrane proteins. Fig. 5.8
-✓✓can be catalyst, receptors, and transporters
‣ Explain the difference between facilitative diffusion and simple
diffusion. -✓✓facilitative diffusion requires protein transporter while
simple diffusion doesn't
