BIOL 235 Midterm 1 Questions and
Answers (A+ Pass Material)
• law of mass balance -✓✓if the amount of a substance in the body is to
remain constant, any gain must be offset by an equal loss
• reflex control pathway -✓✓stimulus → sensor/receptor → input signal
→ integrating center → output signal → target/effector
• receptor -✓✓receives stimulus and sends input signal
• integrating center -✓✓turns input signal into output signal
• homeostasis is maintained by _________ feedback -✓✓negative
• negative feedback -✓✓stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the
stimulus
• positive feedback -✓✓stimulus initiates reactions that increase the
stimulus
• types of transport -✓✓simple/facilitated diffusion, active transport,
vesicular transport
• simple diffusion -✓✓movement of small hydrophobic molecules
across the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration
• facilitated diffusion -✓✓process of diffusion in which molecules pass
across the membrane through cell membrane channels
, • active transport -✓✓the movement of materials through a cell
membrane against concentration gradient using energy
• primary active transport -✓✓Active transport that relies directly on the
hydrolysis of ATP.
• secondary active transport -✓✓use pre-existing gradient to drive
transport of solute
• phagocytosis -✓✓A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large
particles or whole cells
• endocytosis -✓✓process by which a cell takes material into the cell by
infolding of the cell membrane
• exocytosis -✓✓Process by which a cell releases large amounts of
material
• vesicular transport -✓✓Transport of large particles and
macromolecules across plasma membranes
• Fick's Law of Diffusion -✓✓diffusion through a membrane is directly
proportional to the surface area and concentration gradient and inversely
proportional to the thickness of the membrane and its resistance
• osmolarity -✓✓total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
• osmolarity vs molarity -✓✓Osmolarity considers the total number of
particles, while molarity focuses on the number of moles of the solute
• osmolarity formula -✓✓molarity * # ions
OR
mol particles / volume solvent
Answers (A+ Pass Material)
• law of mass balance -✓✓if the amount of a substance in the body is to
remain constant, any gain must be offset by an equal loss
• reflex control pathway -✓✓stimulus → sensor/receptor → input signal
→ integrating center → output signal → target/effector
• receptor -✓✓receives stimulus and sends input signal
• integrating center -✓✓turns input signal into output signal
• homeostasis is maintained by _________ feedback -✓✓negative
• negative feedback -✓✓stimulus initiates reactions that reduce the
stimulus
• positive feedback -✓✓stimulus initiates reactions that increase the
stimulus
• types of transport -✓✓simple/facilitated diffusion, active transport,
vesicular transport
• simple diffusion -✓✓movement of small hydrophobic molecules
across the membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of
low concentration
• facilitated diffusion -✓✓process of diffusion in which molecules pass
across the membrane through cell membrane channels
, • active transport -✓✓the movement of materials through a cell
membrane against concentration gradient using energy
• primary active transport -✓✓Active transport that relies directly on the
hydrolysis of ATP.
• secondary active transport -✓✓use pre-existing gradient to drive
transport of solute
• phagocytosis -✓✓A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large
particles or whole cells
• endocytosis -✓✓process by which a cell takes material into the cell by
infolding of the cell membrane
• exocytosis -✓✓Process by which a cell releases large amounts of
material
• vesicular transport -✓✓Transport of large particles and
macromolecules across plasma membranes
• Fick's Law of Diffusion -✓✓diffusion through a membrane is directly
proportional to the surface area and concentration gradient and inversely
proportional to the thickness of the membrane and its resistance
• osmolarity -✓✓total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
• osmolarity vs molarity -✓✓Osmolarity considers the total number of
particles, while molarity focuses on the number of moles of the solute
• osmolarity formula -✓✓molarity * # ions
OR
mol particles / volume solvent
