BIOL 235 Midterm 1 Questions and Answers
() (100% Verified)
• metabolism -✓✓sum of al chemical processes
• catabolism -✓✓that break down molecules, releasing energy.
• anabolism -✓✓the process of building up larger molecules from
smaller ones.
• 3 things that effect growth in the body size -✓✓1. increase in the size
of existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
• differentiation -✓✓unspecialized cells becomes specialized
• reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) -✓✓1. tissue
growth, repair or replacement
2. production of a new individual
• fluid within the cells -✓✓intracellular fluid
• fluid outside the cells -✓✓extracellular fluid
• ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues -✓✓interstitial
fluid
• what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop -✓✓controlled
condition
• what is the stimulus -✓✓any disruption that changes a controlled
condition
,• what's the receptor -✓✓body structure monitoring the changes of a
controlled condition and sends inputs
• what is an afferent pathway-input -✓✓flows towards the control center
(nerve impulse or chemical signal)
• what is the control center -✓✓sets the range of values within which a
controlled condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives
from receptors and generates output commands when they are needed
• efferent pathway -✓✓flow away from control center to effector
• effector -✓✓body structure receiving output and brings about change
and produces a response that alters the controlled condition
• negative feedback system -✓✓reverses a change in a controlled
condition
• positive feedback loop -✓✓strengthens or reinforces a change in the
controlled condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response
that reinforces the initial change-child birth
• disorder -✓✓abnormality of a structure or function
• disease -✓✓illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and
symptoms
• symptom -✓✓subjective changes not visible to the observer
• sign -✓✓objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
• prone -✓✓body is lying face down
,• supine -✓✓body is lying face up
• ipsilateral -✓✓same side
• contralateral -✓✓different sides
• superficial -✓✓towards the surface of the skin
• deep -✓✓away from surface of the skin
• sagittal plane -✓✓divides the body into left and right
• Midsagittal (median) plane -✓✓divides into equal left and right sides
• parasagittal plane -✓✓unequal sides left and right
• fronta (coronal plane) -✓✓divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
• transverse plane -✓✓superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal
plane cross-sectional)
• oblique plane -✓✓anything but 90 degrees
• cranial cavity -✓✓contains head
• Vertebral (spine) cavity -✓✓contains spinal cord and vertebral
column-continuous of the cranial cavity
• Meninges -✓✓layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal
cord
, • thoracic cavity -✓✓chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a
thoracic portion of the vertebral column
• pericardial cavity -✓✓surrounds the heart
• pleura cavity -✓✓surrounds lungs
• visceral layer of cavity -✓✓inner layer
• parietal layer of cavity -✓✓outer layer
• mediastinum cavity -✓✓between the lugs extending from the sternum
to the vertebral column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart,
thymus, esophagus, trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
• diaphragm -✓✓dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
• abdominopelvic cavity -✓✓from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and
large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal
organs of the reproductive system
• viscera -✓✓organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
• major elements of body mass -✓✓nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen
• lesser elements 8 -✓✓Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur,
Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron
• what are the three subatomic particles -✓✓neutrons, protons, electrons
() (100% Verified)
• metabolism -✓✓sum of al chemical processes
• catabolism -✓✓that break down molecules, releasing energy.
• anabolism -✓✓the process of building up larger molecules from
smaller ones.
• 3 things that effect growth in the body size -✓✓1. increase in the size
of existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
• differentiation -✓✓unspecialized cells becomes specialized
• reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) -✓✓1. tissue
growth, repair or replacement
2. production of a new individual
• fluid within the cells -✓✓intracellular fluid
• fluid outside the cells -✓✓extracellular fluid
• ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues -✓✓interstitial
fluid
• what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop -✓✓controlled
condition
• what is the stimulus -✓✓any disruption that changes a controlled
condition
,• what's the receptor -✓✓body structure monitoring the changes of a
controlled condition and sends inputs
• what is an afferent pathway-input -✓✓flows towards the control center
(nerve impulse or chemical signal)
• what is the control center -✓✓sets the range of values within which a
controlled condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives
from receptors and generates output commands when they are needed
• efferent pathway -✓✓flow away from control center to effector
• effector -✓✓body structure receiving output and brings about change
and produces a response that alters the controlled condition
• negative feedback system -✓✓reverses a change in a controlled
condition
• positive feedback loop -✓✓strengthens or reinforces a change in the
controlled condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response
that reinforces the initial change-child birth
• disorder -✓✓abnormality of a structure or function
• disease -✓✓illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and
symptoms
• symptom -✓✓subjective changes not visible to the observer
• sign -✓✓objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
• prone -✓✓body is lying face down
,• supine -✓✓body is lying face up
• ipsilateral -✓✓same side
• contralateral -✓✓different sides
• superficial -✓✓towards the surface of the skin
• deep -✓✓away from surface of the skin
• sagittal plane -✓✓divides the body into left and right
• Midsagittal (median) plane -✓✓divides into equal left and right sides
• parasagittal plane -✓✓unequal sides left and right
• fronta (coronal plane) -✓✓divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
• transverse plane -✓✓superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal
plane cross-sectional)
• oblique plane -✓✓anything but 90 degrees
• cranial cavity -✓✓contains head
• Vertebral (spine) cavity -✓✓contains spinal cord and vertebral
column-continuous of the cranial cavity
• Meninges -✓✓layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal
cord
, • thoracic cavity -✓✓chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a
thoracic portion of the vertebral column
• pericardial cavity -✓✓surrounds the heart
• pleura cavity -✓✓surrounds lungs
• visceral layer of cavity -✓✓inner layer
• parietal layer of cavity -✓✓outer layer
• mediastinum cavity -✓✓between the lugs extending from the sternum
to the vertebral column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart,
thymus, esophagus, trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
• diaphragm -✓✓dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
• abdominopelvic cavity -✓✓from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and
large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal
organs of the reproductive system
• viscera -✓✓organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
• major elements of body mass -✓✓nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen
• lesser elements 8 -✓✓Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur,
Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron
• what are the three subatomic particles -✓✓neutrons, protons, electrons
