BARRY BMS HISTOLOGY COMP 2026
100% PASS ASSURED EXAMINATION
SOLUTIONS
EXAM
1. Q: Which organelle is most prominent in plasma cells?
A: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
Rationale: Plasma cells secrete massive amounts of antibodies
(proteins), requiring abundant RER for synthesis.
2. Q: Which junction allows direct cytoplasmic communication
between cells?
A: Gap junction.
Rationale: Connexin proteins form channels that permit ions and
small molecules to pass.
3. Q: A cell with abundant euchromatin is likely:
A: Actively transcribing genes.
Rationale: Euchromatin is less condensed, allowing transcription
factors access to DNA.
4. Q: Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?
A: Lysosome.
Rationale: Lysosomes digest materials via acid hydrolases.
5. Q: The nucleolus is primarily involved in:
A: Ribosome synthesis.
,Rationale: The nucleolus contains rRNA genes and assembles
ribosomal subunits.
6. Q: Microtubules are composed of:
A: Tubulin dimers (alpha and beta).
Rationale: Microtubules are polymers of tubulin; they provide
structure and serve as tracks for motor proteins.
7. Q: Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
A: Golgi apparatus.
Rationale: The Golgi adds carbohydrates, sorts proteins, and
packages them into vesicles.
8. Q: Peroxisomes function in:
A: Fatty acid oxidation and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide.
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain catalase to break down H₂O₂.
9. Q: Which cell type has the most mitochondria?
A: Cardiac myocyte.
Rationale: High energy demand for continuous contraction.
10. Q: The nuclear lamina is composed of:
A: Lamin intermediate filaments.
Rationale: Lamins provide structural support to the nuclear
envelope.
11. Q: Which of the following is NOT membrane-bound?
A: Ribosome.
Rationale: Ribosomes are non-membranous organelles
composed of rRNA and protein.
12. Q: Smooth ER is abundant in:
A: Hepatocytes and steroid-producing cells.
,Rationale: Smooth ER functions in detoxification (liver) and
steroid synthesis.
13. Q: The cytoskeletal element most resistant to tension is:
A: Intermediate filament.
Rationale: Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength.
14. Q: Dynein is a motor protein that moves toward:
A: The minus end of microtubules.
Rationale: Dynein moves toward the centrosome; kinesin moves
toward the plus end.
15. Q: Which organelle is involved in autophagy?
A: Lysosome.
Rationale: Lysosomes digest damaged organelles during
autophagy.
16. Q: A cell with basophilic cytoplasm is rich in:
A: Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Rationale: RER stains basophilic due to ribosomes (RNA).
17. Q: Acidophilic cytoplasm stains pink due to:
A: Mitochondria and cytosolic proteins.
Rationale: Acidophilic dyes (eosin) bind to positively charged
proteins.
18. Q: Centrioles are composed of:
A: Microtubules (9 triplets).
Rationale: Centrioles organize the mitotic spindle.
19. Q: Which organelle is most prominent in osteoclasts?
A: Ruffled border (specialized plasma membrane) and many
, lysosomes.
Rationale: Osteoclasts resorb bone via acid and enzymes.
20. Q: The function of the proteasome is:
A: Degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Rationale: Proteasomes break down tagged proteins into
peptides.
Epithelium (21–35)
21. Q: Which epithelial type lines the alveoli of the lung?
A: Simple squamous epithelium.
Rationale: Thin cells allow gas exchange by diffusion.
22. Q: The gallbladder is lined by:
A: Simple columnar epithelium.
Rationale: Columnar cells absorb water and concentrate bile.
23. Q: Which epithelial type appears stratified but all cells touch
the basal lamina?
A: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Rationale: Nuclei at different levels create a false appearance of
stratification.
24. Q: The urinary bladder is lined by:
A: Transitional epithelium (urothelium).
Rationale: Allows distension; apical cells have dome-shaped
"umbrella cells."
100% PASS ASSURED EXAMINATION
SOLUTIONS
EXAM
1. Q: Which organelle is most prominent in plasma cells?
A: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).
Rationale: Plasma cells secrete massive amounts of antibodies
(proteins), requiring abundant RER for synthesis.
2. Q: Which junction allows direct cytoplasmic communication
between cells?
A: Gap junction.
Rationale: Connexin proteins form channels that permit ions and
small molecules to pass.
3. Q: A cell with abundant euchromatin is likely:
A: Actively transcribing genes.
Rationale: Euchromatin is less condensed, allowing transcription
factors access to DNA.
4. Q: Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?
A: Lysosome.
Rationale: Lysosomes digest materials via acid hydrolases.
5. Q: The nucleolus is primarily involved in:
A: Ribosome synthesis.
,Rationale: The nucleolus contains rRNA genes and assembles
ribosomal subunits.
6. Q: Microtubules are composed of:
A: Tubulin dimers (alpha and beta).
Rationale: Microtubules are polymers of tubulin; they provide
structure and serve as tracks for motor proteins.
7. Q: Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
A: Golgi apparatus.
Rationale: The Golgi adds carbohydrates, sorts proteins, and
packages them into vesicles.
8. Q: Peroxisomes function in:
A: Fatty acid oxidation and detoxification of hydrogen peroxide.
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain catalase to break down H₂O₂.
9. Q: Which cell type has the most mitochondria?
A: Cardiac myocyte.
Rationale: High energy demand for continuous contraction.
10. Q: The nuclear lamina is composed of:
A: Lamin intermediate filaments.
Rationale: Lamins provide structural support to the nuclear
envelope.
11. Q: Which of the following is NOT membrane-bound?
A: Ribosome.
Rationale: Ribosomes are non-membranous organelles
composed of rRNA and protein.
12. Q: Smooth ER is abundant in:
A: Hepatocytes and steroid-producing cells.
,Rationale: Smooth ER functions in detoxification (liver) and
steroid synthesis.
13. Q: The cytoskeletal element most resistant to tension is:
A: Intermediate filament.
Rationale: Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength.
14. Q: Dynein is a motor protein that moves toward:
A: The minus end of microtubules.
Rationale: Dynein moves toward the centrosome; kinesin moves
toward the plus end.
15. Q: Which organelle is involved in autophagy?
A: Lysosome.
Rationale: Lysosomes digest damaged organelles during
autophagy.
16. Q: A cell with basophilic cytoplasm is rich in:
A: Rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Rationale: RER stains basophilic due to ribosomes (RNA).
17. Q: Acidophilic cytoplasm stains pink due to:
A: Mitochondria and cytosolic proteins.
Rationale: Acidophilic dyes (eosin) bind to positively charged
proteins.
18. Q: Centrioles are composed of:
A: Microtubules (9 triplets).
Rationale: Centrioles organize the mitotic spindle.
19. Q: Which organelle is most prominent in osteoclasts?
A: Ruffled border (specialized plasma membrane) and many
, lysosomes.
Rationale: Osteoclasts resorb bone via acid and enzymes.
20. Q: The function of the proteasome is:
A: Degradation of ubiquitinated proteins.
Rationale: Proteasomes break down tagged proteins into
peptides.
Epithelium (21–35)
21. Q: Which epithelial type lines the alveoli of the lung?
A: Simple squamous epithelium.
Rationale: Thin cells allow gas exchange by diffusion.
22. Q: The gallbladder is lined by:
A: Simple columnar epithelium.
Rationale: Columnar cells absorb water and concentrate bile.
23. Q: Which epithelial type appears stratified but all cells touch
the basal lamina?
A: Pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
Rationale: Nuclei at different levels create a false appearance of
stratification.
24. Q: The urinary bladder is lined by:
A: Transitional epithelium (urothelium).
Rationale: Allows distension; apical cells have dome-shaped
"umbrella cells."
