NUR 245 Exam 1 | High-Yield Questions & Answers,
Rationales & Nursing Study Guide |Frequently Most
Tested Questions |100% Guarantee and Accurate ,
Graded A+ |100% Verified and Updated | Latest Exam
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CAD
ANSWER:
Chronic and progressive disease
Impaired CO= decreased perfusion
-not pumping enough blood to perfuse tissue/organs
-blood vessel disorder due to Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
ANSWER:
Major cause of CAD
soft deposits of fat that harden with age
endothelial injury and inflammation play role
endothelial injury occurs causing
1) fatty streaks- earliest lesions appear yellow starting at age 20
2. Fibrous plaque- by age 30, begins to harden and be coated with collagen
(grayish/white)
3. Complicated lesion- fibrous plaque continues to grow causing plaque
instability= risk of rupture (thrombus)
Substance abuse
ANSWER:
cocaine/ methamphetamine
-produce coronary artery spasms causing myocardial ischemia and chest pain
Health promotion CAD
ANSWER:
,-prevention and early treatment
-ongoing lifestyle changes
-identify high risk
-manage high risk
collateral circulation
ANSWER:
"bridges" occurs over time
-plaque block blood flow
causing build of new branches around plaque
-allows heart muscle to still receive adequate amount of blood and oxygen
except during increased workload of heart (exercise)
-the older the person the more collateral circulation
younger=worse prognosis
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD
ANSWER:
Age: middle aged MEN (over age 45)
Gender- Male
women- estrogen may protect, symptoms are atypical (fatigue, SOB, upper back
pain, indigestion, weakness, sleep problems, palpitations, anxiety)
-Genetics
-ethnicity (Caucasian men)
Modifiable risk factors for CAD
ANSWER:
DO patient teaching
High serum lipids
Diabetes
tobacco use
obesity
physical inactivity
Hypertension BIGGEST RISK FACTOR
stress
high homocysteine levels
substance abuse
High serum lipids
,ANSWER:
total serum cholesterol >200
LDL > 130
HDL men: <50, Women: <40
fasting triglycerides; >150
-physical activity. eating healthy fats, losing weight, moderate alcohol intake,
quitting smoking increase HDLS
-reduce total fat intake
-reduce sat fats
-take prescribed drugs
-engage in physcial activity
-adjust caloric intake
Hypertension
ANSWER:
increased risk for CAD, stroke, PVD, HF
>120/80
-causes endothelial injury increasing atherosclerosis= narrows vessels
-results in left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased stroke volume
Monitor BP, obtain regular checkups, take prescribed drugs
-reduce salt intake
-control weight
-perform physcial activity
stop smoking
Tobacco use
ANSWER:
releases catecholamines which increase HR/BP= increase heart workload
-increases lDL/ decreased HDL
-releases toxic O2 radicals (carbon monoxide) which affects hemoglobins O2
carrying capacity
-increases heart workload and decrease O2
-irritates vessels causing endothelial injury and inflammation
DO smoking cessation
Physical inactivity CAD
, ANSWER:
may cause venous stasis (heart works harder)
educate on 30-60 mins 5 days per week
-increases HDLs
-decreases hearts workload
-reduces risk of thrombus
Obesity
ANSWER:
BMI >30
waist circumference men: >40 inches, women: 35 inches
-have increased levels of LDLs/ triglycerides= atherosclerosis
-apple figure
Diabetes
ANSWER:
endothelial dysfunction
-high cholesterol and triglycerides
Lifestyle changes and drug therapy
A1c less than 7%
metabolic syndrome
ANSWER:
cluster of risk factors for CAD
-central obesity
-hypertension
-abnormal serum lipids
-high fasting blood glucose
psychologic status
ANSWER:
Type A personality
-due to stress and overworking
-depression
-stress (increases HR, increases O2 demand causing increase workload of the
Rationales & Nursing Study Guide |Frequently Most
Tested Questions |100% Guarantee and Accurate ,
Graded A+ |100% Verified and Updated | Latest Exam
and Newest Version!!!!
CAD
ANSWER:
Chronic and progressive disease
Impaired CO= decreased perfusion
-not pumping enough blood to perfuse tissue/organs
-blood vessel disorder due to Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
ANSWER:
Major cause of CAD
soft deposits of fat that harden with age
endothelial injury and inflammation play role
endothelial injury occurs causing
1) fatty streaks- earliest lesions appear yellow starting at age 20
2. Fibrous plaque- by age 30, begins to harden and be coated with collagen
(grayish/white)
3. Complicated lesion- fibrous plaque continues to grow causing plaque
instability= risk of rupture (thrombus)
Substance abuse
ANSWER:
cocaine/ methamphetamine
-produce coronary artery spasms causing myocardial ischemia and chest pain
Health promotion CAD
ANSWER:
,-prevention and early treatment
-ongoing lifestyle changes
-identify high risk
-manage high risk
collateral circulation
ANSWER:
"bridges" occurs over time
-plaque block blood flow
causing build of new branches around plaque
-allows heart muscle to still receive adequate amount of blood and oxygen
except during increased workload of heart (exercise)
-the older the person the more collateral circulation
younger=worse prognosis
Nonmodifiable risk factors for CAD
ANSWER:
Age: middle aged MEN (over age 45)
Gender- Male
women- estrogen may protect, symptoms are atypical (fatigue, SOB, upper back
pain, indigestion, weakness, sleep problems, palpitations, anxiety)
-Genetics
-ethnicity (Caucasian men)
Modifiable risk factors for CAD
ANSWER:
DO patient teaching
High serum lipids
Diabetes
tobacco use
obesity
physical inactivity
Hypertension BIGGEST RISK FACTOR
stress
high homocysteine levels
substance abuse
High serum lipids
,ANSWER:
total serum cholesterol >200
LDL > 130
HDL men: <50, Women: <40
fasting triglycerides; >150
-physical activity. eating healthy fats, losing weight, moderate alcohol intake,
quitting smoking increase HDLS
-reduce total fat intake
-reduce sat fats
-take prescribed drugs
-engage in physcial activity
-adjust caloric intake
Hypertension
ANSWER:
increased risk for CAD, stroke, PVD, HF
>120/80
-causes endothelial injury increasing atherosclerosis= narrows vessels
-results in left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased stroke volume
Monitor BP, obtain regular checkups, take prescribed drugs
-reduce salt intake
-control weight
-perform physcial activity
stop smoking
Tobacco use
ANSWER:
releases catecholamines which increase HR/BP= increase heart workload
-increases lDL/ decreased HDL
-releases toxic O2 radicals (carbon monoxide) which affects hemoglobins O2
carrying capacity
-increases heart workload and decrease O2
-irritates vessels causing endothelial injury and inflammation
DO smoking cessation
Physical inactivity CAD
, ANSWER:
may cause venous stasis (heart works harder)
educate on 30-60 mins 5 days per week
-increases HDLs
-decreases hearts workload
-reduces risk of thrombus
Obesity
ANSWER:
BMI >30
waist circumference men: >40 inches, women: 35 inches
-have increased levels of LDLs/ triglycerides= atherosclerosis
-apple figure
Diabetes
ANSWER:
endothelial dysfunction
-high cholesterol and triglycerides
Lifestyle changes and drug therapy
A1c less than 7%
metabolic syndrome
ANSWER:
cluster of risk factors for CAD
-central obesity
-hypertension
-abnormal serum lipids
-high fasting blood glucose
psychologic status
ANSWER:
Type A personality
-due to stress and overworking
-depression
-stress (increases HR, increases O2 demand causing increase workload of the
