IOP2601
ASSIGNMENT 3
DUE DATE: 20 APRIL 2026
, IOP2601 ASSIGNMENT 3 2026
DUE 20 APRIL 2026
QUESTION 1
1.1 a) False. For this module, significance levels are typically 0.05 and 0.01, not 0.001.
(SG, Lesson 11, p. 137; M, pp. 2, 5)
b) True. A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true but is rejected.
(SG, Lesson 11, p. 137; M, p. 20)
c) False. The F-test statistic is a ratio of variances and can never be negative. A
negative value indicates a calculation error.
(SG, Lesson 13, p. 172)
1.2 a) Nondirectional (two-tailed). The hypothesis states only that a difference exists,
without specifying which group’s attitude is higher.
(SG, Lesson 11, p. 134)
b) Directional (one-tailed). The phrase “improved academic achievement” specifies
the direction of the relationship.
(SG, Lesson 11, p. 134)
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ASSIGNMENT 3
DUE DATE: 20 APRIL 2026
, IOP2601 ASSIGNMENT 3 2026
DUE 20 APRIL 2026
QUESTION 1
1.1 a) False. For this module, significance levels are typically 0.05 and 0.01, not 0.001.
(SG, Lesson 11, p. 137; M, pp. 2, 5)
b) True. A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true but is rejected.
(SG, Lesson 11, p. 137; M, p. 20)
c) False. The F-test statistic is a ratio of variances and can never be negative. A
negative value indicates a calculation error.
(SG, Lesson 13, p. 172)
1.2 a) Nondirectional (two-tailed). The hypothesis states only that a difference exists,
without specifying which group’s attitude is higher.
(SG, Lesson 11, p. 134)
b) Directional (one-tailed). The phrase “improved academic achievement” specifies
the direction of the relationship.
(SG, Lesson 11, p. 134)
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