NR 630 exam 2 review exam questions with correct answers

What distinguishes a pathologic murmur? - correct answers A murmur that is associated with structural heart disease or abnormal hemodynamics. What are S3 and S4 heart sounds, and how do they differ? - correct answers S3 is a heart sound associated with heart failure, while S4 is linked to hypertensive heart disease or stiff ventricles. What are the major manifestations of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)? - correct answers Intermittent claudication, rest pain, and non-healing wounds. What are the common dermatologic manifestations of PAD? - correct answers Skin changes such as pallor, coolness, and hair loss on the affected limb. What are the most concerning sequelae of Peripheral Vascular Disease? - correct answers Acute limb ischemia, gangrene, and potential limb loss. How is Peripheral Vascular Disease diagnosed? - correct answers Through physical examination, Doppler ultrasound, and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). What does acute limb ischemia present like? - correct answers Sudden pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, and paralysis. What should be documented in the subjective area of a patient chart? - correct answers Pertinent negatives such as absence of fever, flank pain, nausea/vomiting, and headache. What are the expected skin changes across the lifespan? - correct answers Changes include thinning skin, decreased elasticity, and increased pigmentation. What is the ABCDE method for skin cancer detection? - correct answers Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter greater than 6mm, Evolving changes. What are primary vs. secondary skin lesions? - correct answers Primary lesions are initial changes (e.g., macule, papule), while secondary lesions arise from primary lesions (e.g., crust, scale). What are common rashes or skin concerns to be familiar with? - correct answers Eczema, psoriasis, tinea infections, herpes zoster, and pityriasis rosea. What are the risk factors for skin cancer? - correct answers Sun exposure, fair skin, family history, and previous skin cancer. What are nail disorders and their common etiologies? - correct answers Nail disorders can include fungal infections, trauma, and systemic diseases. What is the differential diagnosis for hair loss? - correct answers Alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, and androgenetic alopecia.