NURS 265 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
> protein? Answer:-required for formation of all body structures
-based on amino acid composition
-animal proteins are complete, plant proteins are incomplete
-RDA for adults is 0.8g/kg
> fats? Answer:-insoluble in water and blood
-composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- 95% of lipids in diet are triglycerides
-most animal fats are saturated
-most vegetable fats are unsaturated
-digestion occurs largely in small intestine
-most concentrated source of energy in diet
-RDA not established, 20-35% total calorie intake
> Vitamins? Answer:-organic compounds needed by the body in small
amounts
-most are active in form of coenzymes
-classified as water soluble or fat soluble
-absorbed through intestinal wall (small intestine) directly into bloodstream
-needed for metablolism
> minerals? Answer:-inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues
-some function to provide structure in the body, others help regulate body
processes
-contained in ash that remains after digestion
-macrominerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
-microminerals include iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine
> water? Answer:-accounts for between 50% and 60% of adults total
weight
-2/3 of body water is contained within the cells (ICF)
-the remainder of body water is extracellular fluid, body fluids
-acts as solvent, aids digestion
, > pronation? Answer:face down; laying on your stomach
> supination? Answer:face up; laying on your back (spine)
> inversion? Answer:turning foot inward
> eversion? Answer:turning foot outward
> afferent nervous system conveys info to the? Answer:CNS; going to your
brain
> efferent? Answer:creates effect and goes to body part from brain
> the efferent system conveys via? Answer:somatic nervous system
> proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense? Answer:this informs the brain of the
location of a limb or body part as a result of joint movements stimulating
special nerve endings in muscles, tendons, and fascia
> visual or optic reflexes? Answer:visual impressions contribute to posture
by alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment
> extensor or stretch reflexes? Answer:when extensor muscles are
stretched beyond a certain point, their stimulation causes a reflex
contraction that aids a person to reestablish erect posture
> isotonic exercises? Answer:muscle shortening and active movement
> isometric exercise? Answer:muscle contraction without shortening
> isokinetic exercise? Answer:muscle contraction with resistance
> paresis? Answer:impaired muscle strength or weakness
> paralysis? Answer:absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment
> hemiparesis? Answer:weakness of half of the body
> hemiplegia? Answer:paralysis one half of the body
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2026
> protein? Answer:-required for formation of all body structures
-based on amino acid composition
-animal proteins are complete, plant proteins are incomplete
-RDA for adults is 0.8g/kg
> fats? Answer:-insoluble in water and blood
-composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- 95% of lipids in diet are triglycerides
-most animal fats are saturated
-most vegetable fats are unsaturated
-digestion occurs largely in small intestine
-most concentrated source of energy in diet
-RDA not established, 20-35% total calorie intake
> Vitamins? Answer:-organic compounds needed by the body in small
amounts
-most are active in form of coenzymes
-classified as water soluble or fat soluble
-absorbed through intestinal wall (small intestine) directly into bloodstream
-needed for metablolism
> minerals? Answer:-inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues
-some function to provide structure in the body, others help regulate body
processes
-contained in ash that remains after digestion
-macrominerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium
-microminerals include iron, zinc, manganese, and iodine
> water? Answer:-accounts for between 50% and 60% of adults total
weight
-2/3 of body water is contained within the cells (ICF)
-the remainder of body water is extracellular fluid, body fluids
-acts as solvent, aids digestion
, > pronation? Answer:face down; laying on your stomach
> supination? Answer:face up; laying on your back (spine)
> inversion? Answer:turning foot inward
> eversion? Answer:turning foot outward
> afferent nervous system conveys info to the? Answer:CNS; going to your
brain
> efferent? Answer:creates effect and goes to body part from brain
> the efferent system conveys via? Answer:somatic nervous system
> proprioceptor or kinesthetic sense? Answer:this informs the brain of the
location of a limb or body part as a result of joint movements stimulating
special nerve endings in muscles, tendons, and fascia
> visual or optic reflexes? Answer:visual impressions contribute to posture
by alerting the person to spatial relationships with the environment
> extensor or stretch reflexes? Answer:when extensor muscles are
stretched beyond a certain point, their stimulation causes a reflex
contraction that aids a person to reestablish erect posture
> isotonic exercises? Answer:muscle shortening and active movement
> isometric exercise? Answer:muscle contraction without shortening
> isokinetic exercise? Answer:muscle contraction with resistance
> paresis? Answer:impaired muscle strength or weakness
> paralysis? Answer:absence of strength secondary to nervous impairment
> hemiparesis? Answer:weakness of half of the body
> hemiplegia? Answer:paralysis one half of the body
