NURS 426 FINAL EXAM PRACTICE
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED SOLUTIONS
2026
> AKI Nursing Care? Answer:Prevention and early recognition of AKI,
especially in older adults, strict I&Os, daily weight monitoring, consideration
of comorbidities, fluid and electrolyte management, risk for infection
monitoring, and renal dosing of drugs.
> Fluid Restriction? Answer:600mL plus previous 24 hr fluid loss.
> Nutrition in AKI? Answer:Adequate protein intake, ↑ fat (30-40% of
calories not including protein calories), enteral nutrition if not enough orally,
parenteral nutrition if GI tract is not functional, and dietary restrictions on
potassium (40mEq), phosphate, and sodium.
> Hyperkalemia Treatment? Answer:Insulin and IV glucose; sodium bicarb
for quicker, but temporary relief; Kayexelate and patiromer for slower
potassium removal from the bowels.
> Hemodialysis? Answer:Used as needed (PRN) for AKI management.
> Psychological Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Anxiety and depression.
> Neurological Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Fatigue, headaches, sleep
disturbances, and encephalopathy.
> Ocular Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Hypertensive retinopathy.
> Cardiovascular Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Hypertension, heart
failure, coronary artery disease, pericarditis, and peripheral artery disease.
> Pulmonary Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Pulmonary edema, uremic
pleuritis, and pneumonia.
, > GI Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Anorexia, nausea/vomiting, GI
bleeding, and gastritis.
> Endocrine/Reproductive Manifestations of CKD?
Answer:Hyperparathyroidism, thyroid abnormalities, amenorrhea, and
erectile dysfunction.
> Integumentary Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Pruritus, ecchymosis, and
dry, scaly skin.
> Metabolic Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Carbohydrate intolerance and
hyperlipidemia.
> Hematologic Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Anemia, bleeding, and
infection.
> Peripheral Neuropathy in CKD? Answer:Paresthesias and restless leg
syndrome.
> CKD Nursing Management? Answer:Risk management for lack of
nutrition, falls, bleeding, injuries, and lack of education regarding
medications and their side effects.
> Holistic Assessment in CKD? Answer:Evaluate how CKD affects the
entire body and the patient's life, including history of diabetes,
hypertension, and dietary habits.
> Drug History in CKD? Answer:Includes OTC, herbal, and prescribed
medications; NSAIDs can lead to CKD progression.
> Avoidance in CKD? Answer:Avoid magnesium-based laxatives and
antacids.
> Interprofessional Education in CKD? Answer:Includes dietitian
involvement and evaluation for kidney transplant.
> RRT Education? Answer:Education regarding reRRT (renal replacement
therapy).
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED SOLUTIONS
2026
> AKI Nursing Care? Answer:Prevention and early recognition of AKI,
especially in older adults, strict I&Os, daily weight monitoring, consideration
of comorbidities, fluid and electrolyte management, risk for infection
monitoring, and renal dosing of drugs.
> Fluid Restriction? Answer:600mL plus previous 24 hr fluid loss.
> Nutrition in AKI? Answer:Adequate protein intake, ↑ fat (30-40% of
calories not including protein calories), enteral nutrition if not enough orally,
parenteral nutrition if GI tract is not functional, and dietary restrictions on
potassium (40mEq), phosphate, and sodium.
> Hyperkalemia Treatment? Answer:Insulin and IV glucose; sodium bicarb
for quicker, but temporary relief; Kayexelate and patiromer for slower
potassium removal from the bowels.
> Hemodialysis? Answer:Used as needed (PRN) for AKI management.
> Psychological Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Anxiety and depression.
> Neurological Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Fatigue, headaches, sleep
disturbances, and encephalopathy.
> Ocular Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Hypertensive retinopathy.
> Cardiovascular Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Hypertension, heart
failure, coronary artery disease, pericarditis, and peripheral artery disease.
> Pulmonary Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Pulmonary edema, uremic
pleuritis, and pneumonia.
, > GI Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Anorexia, nausea/vomiting, GI
bleeding, and gastritis.
> Endocrine/Reproductive Manifestations of CKD?
Answer:Hyperparathyroidism, thyroid abnormalities, amenorrhea, and
erectile dysfunction.
> Integumentary Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Pruritus, ecchymosis, and
dry, scaly skin.
> Metabolic Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Carbohydrate intolerance and
hyperlipidemia.
> Hematologic Manifestations of CKD? Answer:Anemia, bleeding, and
infection.
> Peripheral Neuropathy in CKD? Answer:Paresthesias and restless leg
syndrome.
> CKD Nursing Management? Answer:Risk management for lack of
nutrition, falls, bleeding, injuries, and lack of education regarding
medications and their side effects.
> Holistic Assessment in CKD? Answer:Evaluate how CKD affects the
entire body and the patient's life, including history of diabetes,
hypertension, and dietary habits.
> Drug History in CKD? Answer:Includes OTC, herbal, and prescribed
medications; NSAIDs can lead to CKD progression.
> Avoidance in CKD? Answer:Avoid magnesium-based laxatives and
antacids.
> Interprofessional Education in CKD? Answer:Includes dietitian
involvement and evaluation for kidney transplant.
> RRT Education? Answer:Education regarding reRRT (renal replacement
therapy).
