ABA 630 Exam 2 Actual Questions With Detailed Correct Answers

The Law of Effect states that organisms can learn through: Consequences Pairing of Stimuli Discriminative Stimuli Motivating Operations - correct answers Consequences Skinner discovered many of the principles of: Respondent Conditioning Operant Conditioning Law of Effect Motivating Operations - correct answers Operant Conditioning Who wrote the article "Negative Reinforcement in Applied Behavior Analysis: An Emerging Technology" (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1987)? E.L. Thorndike B.F. Skinner B.A. Iwata J.E. Connell - correct answers B.A. Iwata What kind of learning involves consequences? Operant Respondent Pairing Conditioning - correct answers Operant Which of the following behaviors would be due to phylogenic provenance? running from a spider swerving a car when a squirrel runs in the road salivating at the smell of food leaving the building at the sound of a fire alarm - correct answers Salivating at the smell of food Which of the following is not an important component of the definition of reinforcement? he behaver is aware of and understands the contingency The behavior is followed closely in time by a stimulus event The future frequency of that type of behavior increases in similar conditions All of the above are important components of the definition of reinforcement - correct answers The behaver is aware of and understands the contingency The definition of a Motivating Operation includes two critical components. They are: Evocative and abative effect Function-altering and value-altering effect Establishing and abolishing effect Behavior-altering and value-altering effect - correct answers Behavior-altering and value-altering effect The teacher tells his class that everyone will have to serve a lunch detention unless the classroom floor is free of any trash. The students all begin to pick up the pieces of trash around their desks. In relation to the students picking up trash, the teacher's statement functioned as a(n): AO EO SD None of the above - correct answers EO During lunch, Kieran and Ryan were sitting next to each other. As Kieran opened his sandwich, Ryan slapped him from behind. Kieran then turned around and shoved Ryan. Ryan then moved away from Kieran and was less likely to sit near Kieran in the future. In relation to Kieran's shove, what did the slap from Ryan function as: AO EO SD None of the above - correct answers EO Claire is in math class. When she finished her work, she quietly sat and waited for the teacher to dismiss them to lunch. However, she had missed breakfast that morning and could suddenly smell the lunch cooking in the cafeteria. Suddenly, she gets up and runs to the cafeteria. In relation to her running to the cafeteria, the smell of lunch functioned as: AO EO SD None of the above - correct answers SD The following are examples of unconditioned reinforcers: Food Water Stickers A & B only B & C only All of the above - correct answers Food Water Positive and negative reinforcement are similar in that: They both produce an increase in responding. They both involve a stimulus change following a target behavior. They can either be conditioned or unconditioned. All of the above - correct answers They both produce an increase in responding. They both involve a stimulus change following a target behavior. T hey can either be conditioned or unconditioned. Positive and negative reinforcement are different in that: Only in positive reinforcement is a temporal relation important Only in negative reinforcement does the three-term contingency apply Only in positive reinforcement is a stimulus added following a response All of the above - correct answers Only in positive reinforcement is a stimulus added following a response The following are all formal properties of reinforcers tangible reinforcers social reinforcers sensory reinforcers all of the above are reinforcers - correct answers tangible reinforcers social reinforcers sensory reinforcers Sally's teacher likes to keep the classroom cold at all times of the year. For that reason, he has the air conditioned turned on high even during the month of April. Sally does not like being cold, and is very uncomfortable in the classroom. She puts on her sweatshirt that she had hanging in the coat closet, and immediately no longer feels cold. Sally begins to wear her sweatshirt to school every day in order to no longer feel cold. Sally's sweatshirt wearing behavior is being maintained by: Unconditioned Positive Reinforcement (SR+) Conditioned Positive Reinforcement (Sr+) Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement (SR-) Conditioned Negative Reinforcement (Sr-) - correct answers Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement (SR-) David's teacher Ms. Burke has instituted a classroom management plan that includes a token economy that she calls "Burke Bucks." Her "Burke Bucks" can be turned in to receive additional time playing a game on the computer. David tends to call out in class instead of raising his hand to answer a question. Ms. Burke offers to David two "Burke Bucks" for each time she observes him raising his hand. David begins to raise his hand more often. David's hand-raising behavior is being maintained by: Unconditioned Positive Reinforcement (SR+) Conditioned Positive Reinforcement (Sr+) Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement (SR-) Conditioned Negative Reinforcement (Sr-) - correct answers Conditioned Positive Reinforcement (Sr+) During gym class, Ms. Kennedy will allow the winning team to use the water fountain that has the coldest water before the other students. For this reason, on the days when the students are running races on the track outside, every student tries to run as fast as they can. The fast running behavior is being maintained by: