RNSG 1533 EXAM 2 NUTRITION, ELIMINATION, FLUID
& ELECTROLYTES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
During the oliguric phase of AKI, the nurse monitors the patient for (select all that apply)
a. hypotension.
b. ECG changes.
c. hypernatremia.
d. pulmonary edema.
e. urine with high specific gravity. - Answers - b. ECG changes.
d. pulmonary edema.
The percentage of daily calories for a healthy person consists of
a. 50% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
b. 65% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and >10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
c. 50% carbohydrates, 40% protein, 10% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
d. 40% carbohydrates, 30% protein, 30% fat, and >10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
- Answers - a. 50% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and <10% of fat from
saturated fatty acids.
A complete nutrition assessment including anthropometric measurements is most
important for the patient who:
a. has a BMI of 25.5 kg/m2.
b. reports episodes of nightly nocturia.
c. reports a 5-year history of chronic constipation.
d. reports unintentional weight loss of 10 lb in 2 months. - Answers - d. reports
unintentional weight loss of 10 lb in 2 months.
Which method is best to use when confirming initial placement of a blindly inserted
small-bore NG feeding tube?
a. X-ray
b. Air insertion
c. Observing patient for coughing
d. pH measurement of gastric aspirate - Answers - a. X-ray
A patient is receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition. The solution is completed before
the new solution arrives on the unit. The nurse gives:
a. 20% intralipids.
b. 5% dextrose solution.
c. 0.45% normal saline solution.
d. 5% lactated Ringer's solution - Answers - b. 5% dextrose solution.
A patient with anorexia nervosa shows signs of malnutrition. During initial refeeding, the
nurse carefully assesses the patient for (select all that apply)
,a. hypokalemia.
b. hypoglycemia.
c. hypercalcemia.
d. hypomagnesemia.
e. hypophosphatemia. - Answers - a. hypokalemia.
d. hypomagnesemia.
e. hypophosphatemia.
Malabsorption syndrome is: - Answers - the impaired absorption of nutrients from the GI
tract.
What specific lab tests exist for malnutrition? - Answers - There are no specific
laboratory tests for malnutrition. Diagnosis is made through the interpretation of lab
results of electrolyte panels, CBC, liver enzyme, serum levels of vitamins and minerals
and serum electrolyte levels.
Which interventions would the nurse include in the care for a patient who underwent
transsphenoidal excision of the pituitary gland? (select all that apply)
a. Frequent monitoring of serum and urine osmolarity
b. Assessment of visual acuity and extraocular movement
c. Keeping the patient in a recumbent position at all times
d. Teaching the patient about the need for lifelong hormone therapy
e. Instructing the patient to blow their nose frequently to relieve cerebral pressure -
Answers - a. Frequent monitoring of serum and urine osmolarity
b. Assessment of visual acuity and extraocular movement
d. Teaching the patient about the need for lifelong hormone therapy
A patient with lung cancer develops SIADH. Which are anticipated findings?
a. Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia
b. Thirst, muscle cramping, and headache
c. High urine output, weight gain, and vomiting
d. Weight gain and decreased glomerular filtration rate - Answers - b. Thirst, muscle
cramping, and headache
The nurse reviews the laboratory results of a patient with primary hypothyroidism. The
nurse would expect to find
a. a low TSH.
b. an elevated TSH.
c. an elevated free T4.
d. decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). - Answers - b. an elevated TSH.
After thyroid surgery, the nurse suspects damage of the parathyroid glands when the
patient develops
a. hyperthermia and severe tachycardia.
b. hypercalcemia and shortness of breath.
c. laryngospasms and tingling in the hands and feet
, d. hypophosphatemia, hypertension, vomiting, and chest pain - Answers - c.
laryngospasms and tingling in the hands and feet
The nurse teaching the patient with Addison disease determines additional teaching is
needed when the patient states
a. "I should take my prednisone twice a day."
b. "I should call my HCP if I develop vomiting or diarrhea."
c. "If I get influenza, I should decrease my prednisone dose."
d. "I will pick up my emergency hydrocortisone from the pharmacy." - Answers - c. "If I
get influenza, I should decrease my prednisone dose."
A nursing priority for a patient who underwent removal of a pheochromocytoma includes
a. assessing for weight gain.
b. administering IV calcium.
c. close monitoring of blood pressure.
d. restricting fluid and sodium intake. - Answers - c. close monitoring of blood pressure.
To control the side effects of corticosteroid therapy, the nurse teaches the patient who is
taking corticosteroids to
a. limit calcium intake.
b. perform glucose monitoring for hyperglycemia.
c. avoid immunizations due to high risk for infections.
d. stop steroids immediately if the patient gains weight. - Answers - b. perform glucose
monitoring for hyperglycemia.
The nurse using RIFLE to determine the early stage of AKI evaluates the patient's
a. blood pressure and urine osmolality.
b. fractional excretion of urinary sodium.
c. estimation of GFR with the MDRD equation.
d. serum creatinine or urine output from baseline. - Answers - d. serum creatinine or
urine output from baseline.
When a patient is in the diuretic phase of AKI, the nurse must monitor for which serum
electrolyte imbalances?
a. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
b. Hyperkalemia and hypernatremia
c. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia
d. Hypokalemia and hypernatremia - Answers - c. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia
The nurse assesses the patient with chronic kidney disease with the understanding that
this condition is characterized by
a. progressive irreversible destruction of the kidneys.
b. a rapid decrease in urine output with an elevated BUN.
c. an increasing creatinine clearance with a decrease in urine output.
d. prostration, somnolence, and confusion with coma and imminent death. - Answers -
a. progressive irreversible destruction of the kidneys.
& ELECTROLYTES QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
During the oliguric phase of AKI, the nurse monitors the patient for (select all that apply)
a. hypotension.
b. ECG changes.
c. hypernatremia.
d. pulmonary edema.
e. urine with high specific gravity. - Answers - b. ECG changes.
d. pulmonary edema.
The percentage of daily calories for a healthy person consists of
a. 50% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
b. 65% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and >10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
c. 50% carbohydrates, 40% protein, 10% fat, and <10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
d. 40% carbohydrates, 30% protein, 30% fat, and >10% of fat from saturated fatty acids.
- Answers - a. 50% carbohydrates, 25% protein, 25% fat, and <10% of fat from
saturated fatty acids.
A complete nutrition assessment including anthropometric measurements is most
important for the patient who:
a. has a BMI of 25.5 kg/m2.
b. reports episodes of nightly nocturia.
c. reports a 5-year history of chronic constipation.
d. reports unintentional weight loss of 10 lb in 2 months. - Answers - d. reports
unintentional weight loss of 10 lb in 2 months.
Which method is best to use when confirming initial placement of a blindly inserted
small-bore NG feeding tube?
a. X-ray
b. Air insertion
c. Observing patient for coughing
d. pH measurement of gastric aspirate - Answers - a. X-ray
A patient is receiving peripheral parenteral nutrition. The solution is completed before
the new solution arrives on the unit. The nurse gives:
a. 20% intralipids.
b. 5% dextrose solution.
c. 0.45% normal saline solution.
d. 5% lactated Ringer's solution - Answers - b. 5% dextrose solution.
A patient with anorexia nervosa shows signs of malnutrition. During initial refeeding, the
nurse carefully assesses the patient for (select all that apply)
,a. hypokalemia.
b. hypoglycemia.
c. hypercalcemia.
d. hypomagnesemia.
e. hypophosphatemia. - Answers - a. hypokalemia.
d. hypomagnesemia.
e. hypophosphatemia.
Malabsorption syndrome is: - Answers - the impaired absorption of nutrients from the GI
tract.
What specific lab tests exist for malnutrition? - Answers - There are no specific
laboratory tests for malnutrition. Diagnosis is made through the interpretation of lab
results of electrolyte panels, CBC, liver enzyme, serum levels of vitamins and minerals
and serum electrolyte levels.
Which interventions would the nurse include in the care for a patient who underwent
transsphenoidal excision of the pituitary gland? (select all that apply)
a. Frequent monitoring of serum and urine osmolarity
b. Assessment of visual acuity and extraocular movement
c. Keeping the patient in a recumbent position at all times
d. Teaching the patient about the need for lifelong hormone therapy
e. Instructing the patient to blow their nose frequently to relieve cerebral pressure -
Answers - a. Frequent monitoring of serum and urine osmolarity
b. Assessment of visual acuity and extraocular movement
d. Teaching the patient about the need for lifelong hormone therapy
A patient with lung cancer develops SIADH. Which are anticipated findings?
a. Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia
b. Thirst, muscle cramping, and headache
c. High urine output, weight gain, and vomiting
d. Weight gain and decreased glomerular filtration rate - Answers - b. Thirst, muscle
cramping, and headache
The nurse reviews the laboratory results of a patient with primary hypothyroidism. The
nurse would expect to find
a. a low TSH.
b. an elevated TSH.
c. an elevated free T4.
d. decreased low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). - Answers - b. an elevated TSH.
After thyroid surgery, the nurse suspects damage of the parathyroid glands when the
patient develops
a. hyperthermia and severe tachycardia.
b. hypercalcemia and shortness of breath.
c. laryngospasms and tingling in the hands and feet
, d. hypophosphatemia, hypertension, vomiting, and chest pain - Answers - c.
laryngospasms and tingling in the hands and feet
The nurse teaching the patient with Addison disease determines additional teaching is
needed when the patient states
a. "I should take my prednisone twice a day."
b. "I should call my HCP if I develop vomiting or diarrhea."
c. "If I get influenza, I should decrease my prednisone dose."
d. "I will pick up my emergency hydrocortisone from the pharmacy." - Answers - c. "If I
get influenza, I should decrease my prednisone dose."
A nursing priority for a patient who underwent removal of a pheochromocytoma includes
a. assessing for weight gain.
b. administering IV calcium.
c. close monitoring of blood pressure.
d. restricting fluid and sodium intake. - Answers - c. close monitoring of blood pressure.
To control the side effects of corticosteroid therapy, the nurse teaches the patient who is
taking corticosteroids to
a. limit calcium intake.
b. perform glucose monitoring for hyperglycemia.
c. avoid immunizations due to high risk for infections.
d. stop steroids immediately if the patient gains weight. - Answers - b. perform glucose
monitoring for hyperglycemia.
The nurse using RIFLE to determine the early stage of AKI evaluates the patient's
a. blood pressure and urine osmolality.
b. fractional excretion of urinary sodium.
c. estimation of GFR with the MDRD equation.
d. serum creatinine or urine output from baseline. - Answers - d. serum creatinine or
urine output from baseline.
When a patient is in the diuretic phase of AKI, the nurse must monitor for which serum
electrolyte imbalances?
a. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
b. Hyperkalemia and hypernatremia
c. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia
d. Hypokalemia and hypernatremia - Answers - c. Hypokalemia and hyponatremia
The nurse assesses the patient with chronic kidney disease with the understanding that
this condition is characterized by
a. progressive irreversible destruction of the kidneys.
b. a rapid decrease in urine output with an elevated BUN.
c. an increasing creatinine clearance with a decrease in urine output.
d. prostration, somnolence, and confusion with coma and imminent death. - Answers -
a. progressive irreversible destruction of the kidneys.
