RNSG 1533 EXAM 4 VERIFIED STUDY GUIDE
mitral valve prolapse - Answers - Improper closure of the valve between the heart's
upper and lower left chambers.
mitral valve prolapse s/s - Answers - often asymptomatic, palpitations, dyspnea, chest
pain, fatigue, might hear murmur or click when auscultating heart(click makes it stand
out)
mitral valve prolapse interventions - Answers - Management of symptoms, avoid
caffeine, stress management, hydration, activity, medication as prescribed
mitral valve prolapse Dx - Answers - echocardiogram, history and assessment of
symptoms, vital signs, cardiovascular assessment, ECG
mitral valve prolapse risk factors - Answers - Age, gender (men), coexisting medical
condition, infections, congenital disorders(muscular dystrophy, Graves' disease, Down
syndrome)
coronary artery disease (CAD) - Answers - atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that
reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle
CAD risk factors - Answers - Age > 45 in men >55 in women, genetics, family history,
diet, activity, hypertension, lipids out of range, smoking, obesity
Artherosclerosis - Answers - Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to buildup of
cholesterol plaques
Artherosclerosis relation to CAD - Answers - Contributor to CAD, causes narrowed
thickened arterial walls, occurs over many years, many modifiable factors, when
symptomatic usually well-advanced
Prevention of CAD - Answers - control cholesterol, Tobacco cessation, manage HTN,
control DM
Dx coronary artery disease - Answers - labs include LDL, triglycerides, HDL; ECG,
chest x-ray, CRP(produced by liver, marker of inflammation), cardiac bio markers
coronary artery disease primary prevention - Answers - Weight loss, exercise, smoking
cessation, healthy diet
coronary artery disease secondary prevention - Answers - Meds, manage stress, more
exercise, cholesterol medications(educate about possible myopathy-sore muscles), anti
hypertension meds
, coronary artery disease tertiary prevention - Answers - Minimize deterioration and
improving quality of life
coronary artery disease S/s - Answers - Chest pain(PRIORITY PATIENT), cardiac
ischemia, angina pectoris
angina pectoris - Answers - chest pain that occurs when the heart's supply of blood
carrying oxygen is insufficient to meet the demands of the heart, usually associated with
obstruction of at least one coronary artery
angina pectoris - Answers - Subsides with rest or after administration of nitroglycerin
coronary artery disease Pt teaching - Answers - Reduce symptoms, emphasize change
in symptoms, IF PAIN DOESN'T SUBSIDE AT REST OR BECOMES SEVER
CONTACT PHYSICIAN
hypertension (HTN) complications - Answers - Impaired vision, myocardial infarction,
heart failure, chronic kidney disease, strokes, impaired vision- affects the eyes, heart,
kidneys, brain
primary hypertension - Answers - High blood pressure, the cause of which is unknown;
also known as essential hypertension
secondary hypertension - Answers - high blood pressure caused by the effects of
another disease
hypertension risk factors - Answers - *Non-Modifiable: Family history, age, gender,
ethnicity [african american; male]
*Modifiable: Obesity, substance abuse, stress, diet, and sedentary lifestyle
-Tobacco damages the lining of the artery walls, prone to plaque accumulation.
-Nicotine constricts the blood vessels, elevate HR and BP.
Patient assessment for hypertension - Answers - -History and physical examination
-diet, activity, lifestyle
-Laboratory tests(lipid profile)
-ECG
-medications
Measuring BP - Answers - -rest 5 min before; no caffine/smoking 30 min before
-not on side with IV/ mastectomy or shunt
-use arm with higher vascular reading
-sit,feet flat, arm at heart level
-avoid talking during BP reading
-empty bladder
mitral valve prolapse - Answers - Improper closure of the valve between the heart's
upper and lower left chambers.
mitral valve prolapse s/s - Answers - often asymptomatic, palpitations, dyspnea, chest
pain, fatigue, might hear murmur or click when auscultating heart(click makes it stand
out)
mitral valve prolapse interventions - Answers - Management of symptoms, avoid
caffeine, stress management, hydration, activity, medication as prescribed
mitral valve prolapse Dx - Answers - echocardiogram, history and assessment of
symptoms, vital signs, cardiovascular assessment, ECG
mitral valve prolapse risk factors - Answers - Age, gender (men), coexisting medical
condition, infections, congenital disorders(muscular dystrophy, Graves' disease, Down
syndrome)
coronary artery disease (CAD) - Answers - atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that
reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle
CAD risk factors - Answers - Age > 45 in men >55 in women, genetics, family history,
diet, activity, hypertension, lipids out of range, smoking, obesity
Artherosclerosis - Answers - Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to buildup of
cholesterol plaques
Artherosclerosis relation to CAD - Answers - Contributor to CAD, causes narrowed
thickened arterial walls, occurs over many years, many modifiable factors, when
symptomatic usually well-advanced
Prevention of CAD - Answers - control cholesterol, Tobacco cessation, manage HTN,
control DM
Dx coronary artery disease - Answers - labs include LDL, triglycerides, HDL; ECG,
chest x-ray, CRP(produced by liver, marker of inflammation), cardiac bio markers
coronary artery disease primary prevention - Answers - Weight loss, exercise, smoking
cessation, healthy diet
coronary artery disease secondary prevention - Answers - Meds, manage stress, more
exercise, cholesterol medications(educate about possible myopathy-sore muscles), anti
hypertension meds
, coronary artery disease tertiary prevention - Answers - Minimize deterioration and
improving quality of life
coronary artery disease S/s - Answers - Chest pain(PRIORITY PATIENT), cardiac
ischemia, angina pectoris
angina pectoris - Answers - chest pain that occurs when the heart's supply of blood
carrying oxygen is insufficient to meet the demands of the heart, usually associated with
obstruction of at least one coronary artery
angina pectoris - Answers - Subsides with rest or after administration of nitroglycerin
coronary artery disease Pt teaching - Answers - Reduce symptoms, emphasize change
in symptoms, IF PAIN DOESN'T SUBSIDE AT REST OR BECOMES SEVER
CONTACT PHYSICIAN
hypertension (HTN) complications - Answers - Impaired vision, myocardial infarction,
heart failure, chronic kidney disease, strokes, impaired vision- affects the eyes, heart,
kidneys, brain
primary hypertension - Answers - High blood pressure, the cause of which is unknown;
also known as essential hypertension
secondary hypertension - Answers - high blood pressure caused by the effects of
another disease
hypertension risk factors - Answers - *Non-Modifiable: Family history, age, gender,
ethnicity [african american; male]
*Modifiable: Obesity, substance abuse, stress, diet, and sedentary lifestyle
-Tobacco damages the lining of the artery walls, prone to plaque accumulation.
-Nicotine constricts the blood vessels, elevate HR and BP.
Patient assessment for hypertension - Answers - -History and physical examination
-diet, activity, lifestyle
-Laboratory tests(lipid profile)
-ECG
-medications
Measuring BP - Answers - -rest 5 min before; no caffine/smoking 30 min before
-not on side with IV/ mastectomy or shunt
-use arm with higher vascular reading
-sit,feet flat, arm at heart level
-avoid talking during BP reading
-empty bladder
